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关于“Modern Architecture”的Modern architecture, not to be confused with 'contemporary architecture', is a term given to a number of building styles with similar characteristics, primarily the simplification of form and the elimination of While the style was conceived early in the 20th century and heavily promoted by a few architects, architectural educators and exhibits, very few Modern buildings were built in the first half of the For three decades after the Second World War, however, it became the dominant architectural style for institutional and corporate OriginsSome historians see the evolution of Modern architecture as a social matter, closely tied to the project of Modernity and hence to the Enlightenment, a result of social and political Others see Modern architecture as primarily driven by technological and engineering developments, and it is true that the availability of new building materials such as iron, steel, concrete and glass drove the invention of new building techniques as part of the Industrial R In 1796, Shrewsbury mill owner Charles Bage first used his ‘fireproof’ design, which relied on cast iron and brick with flag stone Such construction greatly strengthened the structure of mills, which enabled them to accommodate much bigger Due to poor knowledge of iron's properties as a construction material, a number of early mills It was not until the early 1830s that Eaton Hodgkinson introduced the section beam, leading to widespread use of iron construction, this kind of austere industrial architecture utterly transformed the landscape of northern Britain, leading to the description, "Dark satanic mills" of places like Manchester and parts of West Y The Crystal Palace by Joseph Paxton at the Great Exhibition of 1851 was an early example of iron and glass construction; possibly the best example is the development of the tall steel skyscraper in Chicago around 1890 by William Le Baron Jenney and Louis S Early structures to employ concrete as the chief means of architectural expression (rather than for purely utilitarian structure) include Frank Lloyd Wright's Unity Temple, built in 1906 near Chicago, and Rudolf Steiner's Second Goetheanum, built from 1926 near Basel, SOther historians regard Modernism as a matter of taste, a reaction against eclecticism and the lavish stylistic excesses of Victorian Era and Edwardian Art NWhatever the cause, around 1900 a number of architects around the world began developing new architectural solutions to integrate traditional precedents (Gothic, for instance) with new technological The work of Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright in Chicago, Victor Horta in Brussels, Antoni Gaudi in Barcelona, Otto Wagner in Vienna and Charles Rennie Mackintosh in Glasgow, among many others, can be seen as a common struggle between old and Modernism as Dominant Style By the 1920s the most important figures in Modern architecture had established their The big three are commonly recognized as Le Corbusier in France, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius in G Mies van der Rohe and Gropius were both directors of the Bauhaus, one of a number of European schools and associations concerned with reconciling craft tradition and industrial Frank Lloyd Wright's career parallels and influences the work of the European modernists, particularly via the Wasmuth Portfolio, but he refused to be categorized with Wright was a major influence on both Gropius and van der Rohe, however, as well as on the whole of organic In 1932 came the important MOMA exhibition, the International Exhibition of Modern Architecture, curated by Philip J Johnson and collaborator Henry-Russell Hitchcock drew together many distinct threads and trends, identified them as stylistically similar and having a common purpose, and consolidated them into the International SThis was an important turning With World War II the important figures of the Bauhaus fled to the United States, to Chicago, to the Harvard Graduate School of Design, and to Black Mountain C While Modern architectural design never became a dominant style in single-dwelling residential buildings, in institutional and commercial architecture Modernism became the pre-eminent, and in the schools (for leaders of the profession) the only acceptable, design solution from about 1932 to about Architects who worked in the international style wanted to break with architectural tradition and design simple, unornamented The most commonly used materials are glass for the facade, steel for exterior support, and concrete for the floors and interior supports; floor plans were functional and The style became most evident in the design of Perhaps its most famous manifestations include the United Nations headquarters (Le Corbusier, Oscar Niemeyer, Sir Howard Robertson), the Seagram Building (Ludwig Mies van der Rohe), and Lever House (Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill), all in New Y A prominent residential example is the Lovell House (Richard Neutra) in Los ADetractors of the international style claim that its stark, uncompromisingly rectangular geometry is Le Corbusier once described buildings as "machines for living", but people are not machines and it was suggested that they do not want to live in Even Philip Johnson admitted he was "bored with the " Since the early 1980s many architects have deliberately sought to move away from rectilinear designs, towards more eclectic During the middle of the century, some architects began experimenting in organic forms that they felt were more human and Mid-century modernism, or organic modernism, was very popular, due to its democratic and playful Alvar Aalto and Eero Saarinen were two of the most prolific architects and designers in this movement, which has influenced contemporary Although there is debate as to when and why the decline of the modern movement occurred, criticism of Modern architecture began in the 1960s on the grounds that it was universal, sterile, elitist and lacked Its approach had become ossified in a "style" that threatened to degenerate into a set of Siegfried Giedion in the 1961 introduction to his evolving text, Space, Time and Architecture (first written in 1941), could begin "At the moment a certain confusion exists in contemporary architecture, as in painting; a kind of pause, even a kind of " At the Metropolitan Museum of Art, a 1961 symposium discussed the question "Modern Architecture: Death or Metamorphosis?" In New York, the coup d'état appeared to materialize in controversy around the Pan Am Building that loomed over Grand Central Station, taking advantage of the modernist real estate concept of "air rights",[1] In criticism by Ada Louise Huxtable and Douglas Haskell it was seen to "sever" the Park Avenue streetscape and "tarnish" the reputations of its consortium of architects: Walter Gropius, Pietro Belluschi and the builders Emery Roth & S The rise of postmodernism was attributed to disenchantment with Modern By the 1980s, postmodern architecture appeared triumphant over modernism, including the temple of the Light of the World, a futuristic design for its time Guadalajara Jalisco La Luz del Mundo Sede International; however, postmodern aesthetics lacked traction and by the mid-1990s, a neo-modern (or hypermodern) architecture had once again established international pre- As part of this revival, much of the criticism of the modernists has been revisited, refuted, and re-evaluated; and a modernistic idiom once again dominates in institutional and commercial contemporary practice, but must now compete with the revival of traditional architectural design in commercial and institutional architecture; residential design continues to be dominated by a traditional
大的英文文献数据库，有ScienceDirect, Springer, Wiley, Ingenta等等，可以直接登录这些数据库的主页，根据不同需要（年份/期刊/作者/关键字等）找到相应的文章。下载往往需要权限。
国外著名土木工程相关期刊列表(SCI/EI)国际重要学术期刊推荐表序号 国际重要学术期刊名称（SCI、EI检索源）1 Advances in Structural Engineering2 ACI Journal of Materials3 ACI Structural Journal4 Automation in Construction5 Buildings and Structures6 Canadian Geotechnical Journal ISSN: 0008-36747 Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering8 Computational Mechanics9 Computers and Structures10 Computers and Geotechnics ISSN: 0266-352X11 Cement and Concrete Research12 Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering13 Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering14 Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics15 Earthquake Spectrum16 Engineering Geology17 Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements18 Engineering Structures19 Geotechnique ISSN:0016-850520 Ground Engineering21 Geotextiles and Geomembranes22 International Journal of Impact Engineering ISSN: 0734-743X23 International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics ISSN: 0363-906124 International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering25 International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences ISSN: 1365-160926 International Journal of Solids and Structures27 International Journal of Steel Structures28 International Journal of Space Structures29 International Journal of the Geotechnical Structures30 Journal of Applied Mechanics, ASME31 Journal of Bridge Engineering , ASCE32 Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, ASCE33 Journal of Composites for Engineering, ASCE34 Journal of Constructional Steel Research35 Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE36 Journal of Geodynamics ISSN: 0264-370737 Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE ISSN: 1019-24138 Journal of Sound and Vibration39 Journal of Steel & Composite Structures40 Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE41 Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics Wind and Structures42 Journal of Construction and Management43 Preceding of Civil Engineering Bailing and Bridge Structures44 Reliability Engineering & System Safety ISSN: 0951-832045 Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering ISSN: 0723-263246 Shock and Vibration ISSN: 1070-962247 Soils and Foundations ISSN: 0038-080648 Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering49 Structural Engineers50 Structural Engineering and Mechanics51 The Structural Design of Tall Buildings52 Thin-walled Structures53 The Magazine of Concrete Research54 Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology55 Wind and Structures-An International Journal56 Finite Elements in Analysis and Design注：以上是否被SCI、EI检索期刊为准。 除以上学术期刊外，学科认为是国际重要学术期刊，且被SCI、EI检索，专家组可认定为国际重要学术期刊
是ELLE杂志官方网站，报导世界流行的装璜设计、建筑方面的最新资讯；是美国建筑实录杂志官方网站，每期都详细提供了来自世界各地的最有趣的项目的观点。uk是建筑师周报官方网站，提供了新闻、视频、博客、文化等业内最新资讯。同时还有最新的招标资讯。是澳大利亚建筑设计期刊杂志官方网站，提供室内设计、建筑业内新闻等。
您了解核心期刊吗？是一定要发核心吗？
施工方面《施工技术》、《工程质量》属于核心期刊
总有个范围吧 关于哪方面的？
中国知网，基本上大学图书馆都可以吧，上面很全
这是个很有名的外文资料网站。ScienceDirect电子期刊全文数据库由Elsevier Science公司出版。该公司是一家总部设在荷兰的历史悠久的跨国科学出版公司，其出版的期刊是世界公认的高品位学术期刊，且大多数为核心期刊，并被世界上许多著名的二次文献数据库所收录。 近年来，Elsevier Science公司收购了许多出版公司，包括美国的Ei公司、Harcourt公司（包括Academic Press），将其出版的1700多种期刊全部数字化，建立了ScienceDirect Onsite，通过网络提供服务。 ScienceDirect数据库涵盖数学、物理、化学、天文学、医学、生命科学、商业及经济管理、计算机科学、工程技术、能源科学、环境科学、材料科学、社会科学等学科。（不用帐号，好象只能下载从03年往后，我经常从这里下外文资料，希望不要让你失望哦）
Preface Landscape design is an integral part of urban design, but also the face of a city, one of the decisive Landscape design is quite extensive, including a deal with the city space, the use of the characteristics of the original site, and contact between the surrounding environment, plaza, pedestrian street layout, street short as well as settings such as municipal facilities, both with regard to function, it also involves the visual and psychological The concept of traditional landscape design to green-oriented, with the city's modernization and the urban population of the substantial increase in the functional requirements of the landscape is becoming more prominent, at the same time also called for a more aesthetic enrichment and diversification of town so large-scale use of hard landscape, in order to effectively solve the Article in the city constitute a hard on the basic elements of landscape, such as paving, steps, sculpture pieces and so on, through a detailed theoretical introduction, description of specific characteristics of these elements, the use of, and constitute the role of the urban landscape, image, vivid rich and instructive reference for now to carry out large-scale construction of the city has a positive The constituent elements of the urban landscape 1 SURFACES Natural environment from the ground, in the city the ground is always the need to do deal with rigid In addition to meet the required high-frequency, high-intensity use of functions, but also because the pavement is the creation of a city, one of the basic elements of Through the use of different pavement materials, can be divided into different uses of the ground to define the different characteristics of the space, you can identify the way forward, suggesting that the speed and rhythm of tour, at the same time through the pavement design changes, but also to create visual interest, constitute a space Designed to do the ground pavement at the time, need to consider the following factors: First of all, should be guided by the principle of a unified Whether it is the choice of pavement materials, pavement design, or design, and other landscape elements should be considered simultaneously in order to ensure that the pavement on the ground in terms of vision or function have been unified into a Change random pavement materials and designs, will only add to the chaotic sense of space, so a specific purpose in the absence of circumstances, can not transform the pavement adjacent to the form of materials and The second is Function should ensure that pavement strength requirements necessary to ensure surfacing both in dry or wet conditions are the same anti-skid and avoid the risk of pedestrian The third is the appearance, including color, scale and Colors do not want to do is bore neither bleak nor clear to the Change the color or texture, as long as the function to reflect the difference can be used Scale considerations will affect the choice of color and texture, as well as the design of拼缝 Road block size, color and texture and so on, and the venue should have the right relationship between scale, which is an important A lot of ground surfacing materials, primarily asphalt, concrete, tile, natural stone, gravel, , can be made in accordance with the requirements of the different Asphalt surface and low cost, easy construction, commonly used in the driveway, sidewalks, road pavement Color of the use of asphalt pavement can also change the monotony of the Concrete pavement due to its low cost and applicability of a strong and widely Cast-in-place concrete paving settings attention should be paid to expansion joints, and concrete block pavement is more The colorful tile surface, pattern and shape of the degree of freedom, and easy to create a cheerful, gorgeous Commonly used in public facilities in the entrance plaza, walkways, shopping malls and other places of the road Natural stone materials, especially granite paving, can often create a solemn, calm atmosphere, most important for the city In order to avoid large-scale rigid pavement caused by environmental problems, at the possible conditions, can also be combined with green, forming grass pavement 2 level, and curb ramp Space in urban environment, natural causes or because of the various functions required, usually to change the floor height changes, and changes in floor height also tend to produce a rich and beautiful landscape of the One of changing the floor there is a high level of landscape design, and geo-stone Steps and the main function of the ramp is to make pedestrians from a high floor to another floor height, but at the same time the site has highlighted the great potential of environmental When the level is designed to narrow and touches the heart, sometimes there is a wide sense of grandeur can be closed and mysterious, you can open and They will gradually spectacular, dramatic way to induce perception of pedestrian arrival means an excellent Stone is a kind of geopolitical ensure the safety of pedestrians, traffic guidance, soil and water, the protection of plant, as well as the distinction between road pavement and set boundaries in the driveway and sidewalk, the road and the green boundaries, the different pavement surface, such as the location of the boundary Stone road, many different types of fate, there is pre-cast concrete, brick, natural stone and so on, modeling is also very 3 Sculpture Pieces Sculpture is an important element of the urban landscape, which with its rich modeling language, to convey thoughts and feelings are Sculpture and the urban environment of the geographic landscape, garden landscape and the landscape architecture of mutual infiltration and often constitute the characteristics of the city or community The type of town a lot of sculpture, which belong to a class of short-type sculptures, most of its subject matter to people's lifestyles and animal and plant-based, pay attention to reflect the characteristics of folk customs and Sculpture in order to achieve harmony with the environment should be in the planning, design, production and other aspects of serious The first is the layout: the location of sculpture and architecture with the surrounding natural environment is in harmony, composition at the landscape in which the status of the location of sculpture and the relationship between road The second is modeling: modeling how sculpture occupies space appropriate and what form "language" to attract passers-visual and psychological impact of their Third, body mass scale: in particular types of small-scale sculpture, with the view to maintain cordial The form of sculpture is usually divided into two categories, as with the Because of the sculpture as a direct acceptance for people, they are often more than an abstract sculpture, but many excellent image of an abstract sculpture sculpture as more than an image, more generally, a more concise, more typical, and, therefore, more interesting, people lost in Traditional sculpture in stone, copper-based materials, but the development of modern science and technology for the sculpture provides a means to enrich the model with a dynamic arts, as the magic arts, electronic art, art lighting and sound performance of the novel art sculpture better meet the needs of people at different levels to enjoy the Conclusion Designed in a modern urban landscape of the course, it is necessary to fully from a scientific point of view of the status of the urban Want a comprehensive understanding of the scientific landscape design elements of city property and other characteristics of natural and urban ecological balance mechanism, the use of modern art theory and creative way to create a higher than that derived from the natural landscape of the city to meet the aesthetic needs of However, a lot of cities in the modern landscape design similar to a very serious situation, and there is also a city is not in accordance with the natural conditions of the original city, other cities can emulate the style of the This is a very serious question, on the one hand it reflects the weak sense of innovation throughout society, will create a lot of rubbish One of the reasons, first, the urban landscape was designed by the government officials decided that the pursuit of its political achievements, it is rarely considered the reasonableness of the landscape design; On the other hand, because a lot of landscape designers is not happy under the site, at least lack of initiative, and a lack of communication with construction personnel, and ultimately the design of the outcome of a lot of regret on the Thus, the city from the basic elements of landscape design to start, government officials, designers and construction personnel to fully communicate, to create a character and reflect the city has the characteristics of the urban
国外著名土木工程相关期刊列表(SCI/EI)国际重要学术期刊推荐表序号 国际重要学术期刊名称（SCI、EI检索源）1 Advances in Structural Engineering2 ACI Journal of Materials3 ACI Structural Journal4 Automation in Construction5 Buildings and Structures6 Canadian Geotechnical Journal ISSN: 0008-36747 Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering8 Computational Mechanics9 Computers and Structures10 Computers and Geotechnics ISSN: 0266-352X11 Cement and Concrete Research12 Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering13 Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering14 Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics15 Earthquake Spectrum16 Engineering Geology17 Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements18 Engineering Structures19 Geotechnique ISSN:0016-850520 Ground Engineering21 Geotextiles and Geomembranes22 International Journal of Impact Engineering ISSN: 0734-743X23 International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics ISSN: 0363-906124 International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering25 International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences ISSN: 1365-160926 International Journal of Solids and Structures27 International Journal of Steel Structures28 International Journal of Space Structures29 International Journal of the Geotechnical Structures30 Journal of Applied Mechanics, ASME31 Journal of Bridge Engineering , ASCE32 Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, ASCE33 Journal of Composites for Engineering, ASCE34 Journal of Constructional Steel Research35 Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE36 Journal of Geodynamics ISSN: 0264-370737 Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE ISSN: 1019-24138 Journal of Sound and Vibration39 Journal of Steel & Composite Structures40 Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE41 Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics Wind and Structures42 Journal of Construction and Management43 Preceding of Civil Engineering Bailing and Bridge Structures44 Reliability Engineering & System Safety ISSN: 0951-832045 Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering ISSN: 0723-263246 Shock and Vibration ISSN: 1070-962247 Soils and Foundations ISSN: 0038-080648 Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering49 Structural Engineers50 Structural Engineering and Mechanics51 The Structural Design of Tall Buildings52 Thin-walled Structures53 The Magazine of Concrete Research54 Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology55 Wind and Structures-An International Journal56 Finite Elements in Analysis and Design注：以上是否被SCI、EI检索期刊为准。 除以上学术期刊外，学科认为是国际重要学术期刊，且被SCI、EI检索，专家组可认定为国际重要学术期刊
知道几个，但英文不会写。
英文期刊EI
是ELLE杂志官方网站，报导世界流行的装璜设计、建筑方面的最新资讯；是美国建筑实录杂志官方网站，每期都详细提供了来自世界各地的最有趣的项目的观点。uk是建筑师周报官方网站，提供了新闻、视频、博客、文化等业内最新资讯。同时还有最新的招标资讯。是澳大利亚建筑设计期刊杂志官方网站，提供室内设计、建筑业内新闻等。