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老人与海，美国作家海明威写的，很出名的文学作品，作者就是凭这本书在一九五四年获得诺贝尔文学奖的，这也算是篇幅比较短的小说。
《白鲸》梅尔维尔的语言特色《哈克贝里・费恩历险记》中马克吐温俚语土语的使用
论《洛丽塔》中纳博科夫的现代意识 (文化冲突)The Dispiriting Incompatibility of European and American CulturesThroughout Lolita, the interactions between European and American cultures result in perpetual misunderstandings and Charlotte Haze, an American, is drawn to the sophistication and worldliness of Humbert, a E She eagerly accepts Humbert not so much because of who he is, but because she is charmed by what she sees as the glamour and intellect of Humbert’s Humbert has no such reverence for C He openly mocks the superficiality and transience of American culture, and he views Charlotte as nothing but a simple-minded However, he adores every one of Lolita’s vulgarities and chronicles every detail of his tour of America—he enjoys the possibilities for freedom along the open American He eventually admits that he has defiled the country rather than the other way Though Humbert and Lolita develop their own version of peace as they travel together, their union is clearly not based on understanding or Lolita cannot comprehend the depth of Humbert’s devotion, which he overtly links to art, history, and culture, and Humbert will never truly recognize Lolita’s unwillingness to let him sophisticate Eventually, Lolita leaves Humbert for the American Quilty, who does not bore her with high culture or grand 偶然和无常纳博科夫的《洛丽塔》中的混沌 (心里和心理学方面的混乱)The Inadequacy of PsychiatryHumbert’s passion for Lolita defies easy psychological analysis, and throughout Lolita Humbert mocks psychiatry’s tendency toward simplistic, logical In the foreword to Lolita, John Ray, J, PD, claims that Humbert’s tale will be of great interest to psychiatry, but throughout his memoir Humbert does his best to discredit the entire field of study, heaping the most scorn on Freudian For example, he enjoys lying to the psychiatrists at the He reports mockingly that Pratt, the headmistress of Lolita’s school, diagnoses Lolita as sexually immature, wholly unaware that she actually has an overly active sex life with her By undermining the authority and logic of the psychiatric field, Nabokov demands that readers view Humbert as a unique and deeply flawed human being, but not an insane Humbert further thwarts efforts of scientific categorization by constantly describing his feelings for Lolita as an enchantment or spell, closer to magic than to He tries to prove that his love is not a mental disease but an enormous, strange, and uncontrollable emotion that resists easy Nabokov himself was deeply critical of psychiatry, and Lolita is, in a way, an attack on the 以《洛丽塔》为例分析文学内在价值与社会道德规范的冲突解析《洛丽塔》中主人公的悲剧命运论《洛丽塔》的悲剧意义(这段3个主题都有相关,但是不详细)Humbert and Lolita are both exiles, and, alienated from the societies with which they are familiar, they find themselves in ambiguous moral territory where the old rules seem not to Humbert chooses exile and comes willingly from Europe to America, while Lolita is forced into exile when Charlotte She becomes detached from her familiar community of Ramsdale and goes on the road with H Together, they move constantly and belong to no single fixed The tourists Humbert and Lolita meet on the road are similarly transient, belonging to a generic America rather than to a specific In open, unfamiliar territory, Humbert and Lolita form their own set of rules, where normal sexual and familial relationships become twisted and Both Humbert and Lolita have become so disconnected from ordinary society that neither can fully recognize how morally depraved their actions Humbert cannot see his own monstrosity, and Lolita shows only occasional awareness of herself of a Though Humbert sweeps Lolita away so that they can find a measure of freedom, their exile ultimately traps Lolita is bound to Humbert because she has nowhere else to go, and though Humbert dreams of leaving America with Lolita, he eventually accepts that he will stay in America until he Though each of them undergoes one final exile, Lolita to Dick Schiller and Humbert to prison, it is clear that they are first and foremost exiled from their own selves, an exile so total that they could never return to their original places in the worlds they once Exile in L
你连大纲都做好了，为什么不自己去百度一下拼拼凑凑也能凑出个两千字的文章啊！就算是选修课的作业，你这样也太懒了
论《洛丽塔》中纳博科夫的现代意识 (文化冲突)The Dispiriting Incompatibility of European and American CulturesThroughout Lolita, the interactions between European and American cultures result in perpetual misunderstandings and Charlotte Haze, an American, is drawn to the sophistication and worldliness of Humbert, a E She eagerly accepts Humbert not so much because of who he is, but because she is charmed by what she sees as the glamour and intellect of Humbert’s Humbert has no such reverence for C He openly mocks the superficiality and transience of American culture, and he views Charlotte as nothing but a simple-minded However, he adores every one of Lolita’s vulgarities and chronicles every detail of his tour of America—he enjoys the possibilities for freedom along the open American He eventually admits that he has defiled the country rather than the other way Though Humbert and Lolita develop their own version of peace as they travel together, their union is clearly not based on understanding or Lolita cannot comprehend the depth of Humbert’s devotion, which he overtly links to art, history, and culture, and Humbert will never truly recognize Lolita’s unwillingness to let him sophisticate Eventually, Lolita leaves Humbert for the American Quilty, who does not bore her with high culture or grand 偶然和无常纳博科夫的《洛丽塔》中的混沌 (心里和心理学方面的混乱)The Inadequacy of PsychiatryHumbert’s passion for Lolita defies easy psychological analysis, and throughout Lolita Humbert mocks psychiatry’s tendency toward simplistic, logical In the foreword to Lolita, John Ray, J, PD, claims that Humbert’s tale will be of great interest to psychiatry, but throughout his memoir Humbert does his best to discredit the entire field of study, heaping the most scorn on Freudian For example, he enjoys lying to the psychiatrists at the He reports mockingly that Pratt, the headmistress of Lolita’s school, diagnoses Lolita as sexually immature, wholly unaware that she actually has an overly active sex life with her By undermining the authority and logic of the psychiatric field, Nabokov demands that readers view Humbert as a unique and deeply flawed human being, but not an insane Humbert further thwarts efforts of scientific categorization by constantly describing his feelings for Lolita as an enchantment or spell, closer to magic than to He tries to prove that his love is not a mental disease but an enormous, strange, and uncontrollable emotion that resists easy Nabokov himself was deeply critical of psychiatry, and Lolita is, in a way, an attack on the 以《洛丽塔》为例分析文学内在价值与社会道德规范的冲突解析《洛丽塔》中主人公的悲剧命运论《洛丽塔》的悲剧意义(这段3个主题都有相关,但是不详细)Humbert and Lolita are both exiles, and, alienated from the societies with which they are familiar, they find themselves in ambiguous moral territory where the old rules seem not to Humbert chooses exile and comes willingly from Europe to America, while Lolita is forced into exile when Charlotte She becomes detached from her familiar community of Ramsdale and goes on the road with H Together, they move constantly and belong to no single fixed The tourists Humbert and Lolita meet on the road are similarly transient, belonging to a generic America rather than to a specific In open, unfamiliar territory, Humbert and Lolita form their own set of rules, where normal sexual and familial relationships become twisted and Both Humbert and Lolita have become so disconnected from ordinary society that neither can fully recognize how morally depraved their actions Humbert cannot see his own monstrosity, and Lolita shows only occasional awareness of herself of a Though Humbert sweeps Lolita away so that they can find a measure of freedom, their exile ultimately traps Lolita is bound to Humbert because she has nowhere else to go, and though Humbert dreams of leaving America with Lolita, he eventually accepts that he will stay in America until he Though each of them undergoes one final exile, Lolita to Dick Schiller and Humbert to prison, it is clear that they are first and foremost exiled from their own selves, an exile so total that they could never return to their original places in the worlds they once Exile in L
去网上搜一下，输英文名用google搜可以找到不少资料
写“从文学作品看英语的进化”～～ 先分析些古英语,以莎士比亚之类为代表的文学作品； 然后再分析近代人的作品喽～～
以前我老师说过，中国人学英语很少注意英美的历史，你可以选个这方面。但仅我的建议，你可以选择你喜欢的
我只为积分
这儿看看，看有没有您需要的。
马丁·伊登这部自传式小说被作者杰克·伦敦认为是他最出色的小说。小说生动地刻画了一位正直、诚实而又坚韧的穷小伙实现了他的梦想以及后来的梦想破灭。这位年轻水手为了获得爱情与地位而走上作家道露的故事是对他理想产生与破灭的动人描绘。首先，当他还是一名水手时，他因碰巧向亚瑟，露丝·摩尔斯的儿子伸出援手而拜访他家，从而对上层社会的奢华生活而艳羡不已。同时他也被受过良好教育的露丝的美貌与气质打动。在他看来，露丝就是他纯洁、高贵与爱情的化身。虽然他还是个目不识丁的穷小子，他决心凭他追求知识与地位的惊人的意志力与韧性去当一名作家以赢得露丝的爱。他埋头于写作，作品的观点时常是尼采或叔本华式的，但却只有布里森顿这个无产阶级诗人理解他作品中的美与价值。他的恋人露丝也像她的阶级与家庭一样想方设法以“既定价值标准”来塑造他，并在努力失败后将他抛弃。虽然马丁的作品屡投屡败，陷入赤贫中；然而他并不气馁，坚持他的写作。当他最终功成名就之时，露丝却想来与他重续旧情，这时马丁却深感爱情已死，露丝只不过贪图他的金钱与地位而已，断然拒绝了她。这种幻灭感是由一系列因素，如布里森顿的自杀，对他向往的上层生活的价值观的鄙视等造成的，并最终使他丧失了对生活的热情，导致他跳海自杀。 其余部分请看网站: Martin Eden（马丁·伊登） 杰克·伦敦（1876—1916）是美国作家，生于旧金山一个破产农民的家庭。因家境贫困，自幼从事体力劳动，当过童工，装卸工和水手等，后又在美国各地流浪。靠劳动所得曾进过加利福尼亚大学学习。在1897年加入过阿拉斯加等地淘金者的行列。早年坎坷的生活经历使他体会到下层人民的悲惨处境和人与人之间的激烈竞争，成为他后来从事创作的源泉。 伦敦一共写过十九部长篇小说，一百五十多篇短篇小说和故事，三部剧本，以及论文、特写等。主要作品有：小说集《狼的儿子》（1900）、中篇小说《荒野的呼唤》（1903）、长篇小说《海狼》（1904）、《铁蹄》（1908）和《马丁·伊登》（1909）、特写集《深渊中的人们》（1903）等。 伦敦的创作思想较为复杂，受到过马克思、斯宾塞、尼采等多人影响。作为现实主义作家，他在创作中带有明显的自然主义色彩，作品歌颂对生命的热爱和对大自然的斗争，同时反映了弱肉强食、生存竞争的哲学观点。伦敦善于通过行动刻画人物性格和揭示主题。小说结构紧凑，文字精炼，生动感人。 《马丁·伊登》是杰克·伦敦的代表作，带有自传性质。主人公马丁·伊登原是一个年轻的普通水手。一次偶然的机会，他结识了银行家莫斯的女儿罗丝。他崇拜罗丝的纯洁高雅，而罗丝也被他的粗野不羁所吸引。在爱情的鼓舞下，马丁刻苦读书，发奋写作。但他们的感情遭到了莫斯夫妇的反对，罗丝同马丁断绝了来往。后来马丁以极大的毅力获得了成功，成为名作家。原先对他不屑一顾的人都对他另眼相看。罗丝也想重修旧好，被马丁愤然拒绝。然而马丁跻身于上流社会后，却看透了资产者的自私和虚伪，在幻灭的痛苦中投海自杀。 《马丁·伊登》是杰克·伦敦最有影响的作品，一则因为它具有明显的自传色彩，提供了认识、研究伦敦宝贵材料，二则由于它在思想上和艺术上有很高的价值，标志着美国现实主义文学在本世纪初的重要发展。 《马丁·伊登》的思想内容相当丰富。首先，它真实生动地描写了一个出身微贱的作家的艰难的奋斗道路，表现了在资本主义制度下一个正直作家的坎坷命运。其次，小说对资产阶级的体面人物作了细致的解剖和无情的嘲讽。小说告诉人们，真正的野蛮人并不是马丁和他所属的阶级，而恰恰是那些自诩为文明人的罗丝小姐和她的父母莫斯夫妇等。此外，小说对个人主义也作了一定的批判。马丁为了赢得罗丝的爱情，竟可以不顾一切。他离开自己的阶级和朋友，到头来却发现是南柯一梦。他后来的悔恨、落寞、空虚、孤独和自杀，实际上是对个人主义的怀疑和否定。不过，需要指出的是，作者在对个人主义进行鞭挞时，流露出对斯宾塞的社会进化论和尼采的超人哲学的矛盾态度。 小说细致的心理描写和善于通过人物的行动去揭示人物的性格这两点，也为人们所称道。 马丁伊登 - MARTIN EDEN -/Shop/bookstore/CEstore/200604/html 杰克·伦敦简介 美国作家。生于破产农民家庭，从小出卖劳力为生，曾卖报、卸货、当童工。成年后当过水手、工人，曾去阿拉斯加淘金，得了坏血症。从此埋头读书写作，成为职业作家。他共写了19部长篇小说、150多篇短篇小说和故事，3部剧本，以及论文、特写等。早期作品有描写北方淘金者生活的短篇小说集（包括1900至1902年发表的《狼的儿子》等3部集子，通称"北方故事"）；描写伦敦贫民生活的特写集《深渊中的人们》（1903）；描写兽性般残忍和利己主义的长篇小说《海狼》（1904）。作品揭露了资本主义社会的弊端，表现了对劳动人民顽强意志的歌颂和苦难生活的同情，也显示了作者的"适者生存"的社会进化论思想和尼采式"超人"哲学观念。19世纪90年代他参加社会主义运动，到后期，杰克·伦敦逐渐脱离社会斗争，追求个人享受。1916年他在精神极度苦闷空虚中服毒自杀。
到数据库检索。如果是在大学内就方便多了，或者找能在大学内上网的朋友帮忙下载。 看看这儿吧如果搜一下English的介绍较好。
Angel or Devil?Abstract: Is Pearl an angel for Hester or a devil who makes Hester suffer more? The child and the scarlet letter parallel each other; both represent the mother's sin--the child being a physical representation and the scarlet letter being a So she always reminds Hester of her sin, however she is Hester's love and mentor of Hester, without a helpless child to protect and guide, might not accept her punishment quite so passively as she seems However, would she be happier than now? Key Words: The Scarlet Letter, Pearl, angel, devil, HesterTo be frank, Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter is the unique book I have read in this However I feel lucky for it is not boring at all, furthermore, it attracted me at the So I want to and have to write my paper about this Most literary critics agree that The Scarlet Letter is Nathaniel Hawthorne's finest and most important work , so do I In this novel, the one who impressed me most is not Hester, Chillingworth or Dimmesdal but P Sometimes, she looks like an angel, but sometimes she is like a So I cannot help wondering whether Pearl is an angel or a devil? When I am asking this question, actually, I mean just for Hester, is Pearl like an angel or like a devil? First, Pearl is Hester Prynne's With rare exception, wherever the mother is found, the child is also When the town official escort her from the prison so that the townspeople might see Pearl is also there --a baby of three months old, winking and turning her little face from the bright As Pearl grows older, her mother dresses her in brilliant colors, for Pearl is her one proud Later, her mother has named her Pearl, with meaning of Little Pearl has beauty, intelligence and physical She is described as a lovely flower, having sprung from a guilty Sometimes Pearl is fanciful to the point that she is almost For instance, while her mother talks with Roger Chillingworth near the seashore, the imaginative child makes herself a mermaid's costume our of Then, as a crowing touch, she gathers some eel-grass and makes for herself a green letter "A", imitating as closely as possible her mother's scarlet Pearl often plays in the sunshine; whereas the sunshine will not shine directly on H The child is so close to nature that the little animal in the forest scene, such as partridges, pigeons, and squirrels, almost completely ignore her when she is passing by They recognize a wildness in the human child comparable to their Pearl is also very sympathetic For example, during the festivities of the New England Holiday, it is Pearl who describes D She remarks that in the dark nighttime and in the forest he is one type of person--loving and friendly; in the sunny days, he is a different sort of man, for he does not know She remarks:"A strange, sad man is he, with his hand always over his heart!" Pearl, by instinct, has supposed some things to be true which are All of these express the good aspect of P However, there are also majority of words that will give the opposite She is also Hester's child of She obeys no ruled unless she wishes to do Her moods change If she is crossed in any way, the child flies into a At one moment, she is wild, desperate, and filled with bad temper and gloom; then, suddenly, she can change in the sunny, happy child who wants to assure her mother of her love by kissing Pearl seems to have no set standard to govern her own behaviour-- she reacts according to her particular feeling of the Moreover, she has a certain peculiar look on her face which sometimes causes Hester to question whether or not Pearl is a human child or a being from another world like a little Her eyes are wild, bright, deeply- She is described as an imp of evil, emblem and product of The Puritan children flee in fear when resentful Pearl chases after them, flinging stones and shrill words at Once, Hester is frightened when she looks into the mirror of Pearl's She sees a freakish, elfish look In the headpiece of the armour in Governor Bellingham's hall, Hester is disturbed to see Pearl's expression, as it is reflected in the metal The child has an elfish look of naughty merriment, as if an imp were seeking to mould itself in Pearl's Attracted by the brightness of her mother's scarlet letter, the three-year-old Pearl plays game, flinging wildflowers at her mother's symbol of When Pearl playfully declares that she has no Heavenly Father, Hester remembers that some of the townspeople regard Pearl as an offspring of the Then, is Pearl an angel for Hester or a devil who makes Hester suffer more? The child and the scarlet letter parallel each other; both represent the mother's sin--the child being a physical representation and the scarlet letter being a So she always reminds Hester of her sin, however she is Hester's love and mentor of Hester, without a helpless child to protect and guide, might not accept her punishment quite so passively as she seems However, would she be happier than now? Do you remember the scene when she defends her capability to care for Pearl when she talks with Governor Bellingham, one of people planing to take the child from her? She loves Dimmesdal in a sense, so she must love their child, P It is Pearl who stay with her for a so long From my point of view, she is an angel for Hester, and this is also the reason why Hester gave Pearl this kind of In fact, in our real life, how can a mother hate her own child? This is the strongest reason for my Totally speaking, Pearl, like an angel, is always guarding Hester all the time, and so does Hester, who always keep protecting Pearl in her whole References: Charles Leawitt ---- Nathaniel Hawthorne's THE SCARLET LETTER and THE HOUSE OF SEVEN GABLES, THE BLTIHEDALE ROMANCE , THE MARBLE FAUN
你可以从以下几个方面着手：•the difference between the United Kingdom, Great Britain, and England:回答：• The United Kingdom: a country that consists of Great Britain and Northern I • Great Britain: the name of the island northwest of France and east of Ireland that consists of three somewhat autonomous（自治的） regions: England, Wales and S • England is part of Great Britain, which is part of the United K • The UK includes England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern I E Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland are not countries but the United Kingdom • The Highlanders: the Scots who live in the mountainous regions of the Highlands in Northern S • They are proud, independent and hardy people who maintain their strong cultural They mainly live by farming sheep in mountain areas or fishing on the coasts and • The reputation of the Scots: inventive, hardworking, serious-minded and cautious with (In the past, they were pioneer settlers and empire builders in places like America, Canada, Australia, South Africa and New Z)• their distinctive national dress: kilt• Bagpipes• The Scots can be recognized by and their particular style of speech and accent 2宗教：回答：• The Catholic Church: refers to the Christian church headed by the P All members of the church accept the gospel of Christ and the teachings of the B Any revolt against the traditional Christian faith was “heresy” • In the Middle Ages, the Popes was extremely In the 16th century, some of the actual beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church were questioned by Protestant doctrines and there was a great deal of persecution by C • The Protestant Church: refers to the Christian church whose faith and practice originated with the principles of the R As the Pope’s political power and religious authority declined in the `6th, Protestant churches sprang up in Northern Europe in opposition to the established Roman Catholic C In Britain, Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith in the Elizabethan • Christianity: refers to all doctrines and religious groups based on the teaching of Jesus C It was founded in the 1st century in P Jesus Christ is accepted by Christians as the son of God, and his teaching is contained in the Bible, the holy book of C In Europe, Christianity is divided into three major Roman Catholic Church, Protestant Church and Orthodox Eastern Church(东正教)学校的不同：回答：British Educaion• Public schools: are the secondary boarding schools that prepare students chiefly for They are supported entirely by fees and private • The name “public school” is traditional one with little meaning today, since far from being public these schools are restricted to a comparatively small section of the • “Public school” is a traditional name with little meaning today, because far from being public, public schools are restricted to a comparatively small section of the • Some people feel, the greatest argument for public schools is the strikingly high proportion of ex-public-school boys occupying senior posts in the government, the armed forces, the church, t he universities, the professions, and even in They say, this proves the superiority of a public school • It was the public schools that laid the foundations of English • In England, parents who are rich and conservative in politics will most probably send their children to public • Three famous public schools in Britain: Eton, Harrow and R• Prep schools: also called preparatory schools, they are private elementary schools in Britain, which prepare their students for public • The prep school curriculum differs considerably from that of the junior school, and there is a distinctive boarding At the age of thirteen, the students will take the “common entrance” examination for admission to a “public school”• The prep school curriculum differs considerably from that of the junior school, since its main target is not the “eleven plus,” but the “common entrance” examination at the age of 13, for admission to a public • The public schools today are no longer as superior and exclusive as they used to • Firstly, their perfect system, their house system and their tradition of sport have been widely adopted in state secondary schools, and ,many grammar schools have academic records which many a public school might • Secondly, many so-called public schools are dependent on an annual grant from the central government, in return for which they award between a quarter and a half of their places to pupils paying reduced fees or none at • Thirdly, all public schools too, except a few of recognized standard, are liable to be inspected by the S• There is thus a gradual progress away from exclusiveness in British • Oxford University was founded in the twelfth It contains about thirty separate • Cambridge University was founded in the thirteenth It contains about twenty separate • There four Scottish universities dating from the 15th and 16th They are St Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen, and E • London University has far more students than any other British • “red brick”: is a slightly contemptuous term to refer to the large group of nineteenth-and-twentieth-century universities and university colleges in B• “red brick” describes their construction, which is contrasted with the more dignified and solidlooking ancient stone architecture of Oxford and C • The two widely admired features of Oxford and Cambridge : are te college system and the tutorial • The college system of Oxford and Cambridge: is one whereby all students live in college during at least part of their The value of this system lies in fostering a community spirit in which a useful mingling of intelligence can take • The tutorial system of Oxford and Cambridge: is one whereby each student gets personal tuition once a week in his tutor’s own • Open University: was founded in Britain in 1969 for people who may not get the opportunity for higher education for economic or social It is open to everybody, and does not demand the same formal qualifications as the other It is non- Lectures are broadcast on TV and At the end of the course, successful students are awarded a university • The Welfare State回答：• 1) Britain: a welfare state in the sense that it should ensure, as far as it can, that nobody should be without the means for the minimum necessities of life as the result of unemployment, old age, sickness or over —large • 2) The system of national insurance pays out benefits to people who are unemployed, or unable to earn because they are old or • 3) Free or nearly free medical and dental care is provided for everyone under the National Health S • 4) Supplementary benefits are provided for people who live below the minimum he retirement pension• 1) It may be received by any man from the age of 65 (provided he has made his weekly contributions to the fund) if he ceases to work, and by any woman from the age of • 2) A man who continues to work after the age of 65 gets no pension at first, but when he is over 70 he gets a bigger • 3) People may receive additional pensions by paying higher contributions while they are • 4) There are in addition non-state methods of providing for retirement Family allowances• (1) They are paid directly out of public money contributed by • (2) For the first child of a family, nothing is paid, but an allowance is made for all children after the • (3) The payments continue until a child leaves school and are subject to income • (4) There are special payments for widows who have children;payments continue until a child leaves school and are subject to income • (5) There are special payments for widows who have "meals on wheels"• "meals on wheels" : refers to meals which are prepared by the public authorities in a central kitchen and then distributed to infirm old people by women who belong to voluntary organizations, using their own • "meals on wheels" (1) It is a kind of unpaid service voluntarily performed by public- spirited (2) Meals are distributed to infirm old people in old peoples' homes by women who belong to voluntary organizations, using their own • The grades of the doctors in hospitals : the “housemen“(实习医生) or residents(住院医生) are in the lowest grade and the Consultants are in the highest • "housemen" or residents: refers to those newly-qualified doctors who spend a year or two living in hospitals gaining experience under • the Consultants(会诊医生) must not work in the hospital for the whole of their They may work in the hospital either for the whole of their time or for part of their
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