农业方面的外文参考文献

Adjustment of agricultural structure, characteristics of the western region to speed up the development of agriculture　　【Abstract】 implementing the western development strategy and strategic adjustment of agricultural structure for the development of agriculture with characteristics Samangan province have provided favorable opportunities and broader space, this article from the analysis of Gansu Province, the implementation of the importance of agriculture with characteristics and the main features of the market potential of agricultural products start to understand the characteristics of Gansu Province characteristics of agricultural production and put forward the implementation of special agriculture in Gansu Province of the countermeasures and 　　【Key words】 western characteristic agriculture　　Gansu province is located in China's western region is a vast region, is included in the national development of the western region the concept of one of 12 provinces and municipalities and autonomous regions, serious soil erosion, land desertification, water shortages, destruction of vegetation, forest grassland degradation Gansu province is a major eco-environmental problems, industrial pollution in the city after-effects of economic Gansu Province, the fragile ecological environment will not only hinder further development of regional economy, but also the future of the living environment has become a major All this has its crux of the problem: the history of long-term low levels of productivity and ecological fragility of both cause and effect; "too much emphasis on food self-sufficiency" model of development led to forest destruction and soil erosion; economic construction does not follow the law of the ecological environment, ecological construction technology support the weak; institutional fragmentation, so that ecological protection and construction of the measures can hardly be Characteristics of agriculture refers to the unique resources, clear regional characteristics, a special product quality and specific consumer market of agricultural Gansu Province, a vast territory, light, heat, water, soil is rich in resources, species diversity, with the development of agriculture with characteristics and potential After years of development, characteristics of Gansu Province has been a foundation of Implementing the western development strategy and strategic adjustment of agricultural structure for the development of characteristic agriculture in Gansu Province provided favorable opportunities and broader At present, we should seize the opportunity, clear thinking, focus, work out measures to speed up the characteristics of agricultural development in Gansu Province　　1, the development of Gansu Province, the importance of agriculture with characteristics　　1 The development of characteristic agriculture is implementing the western development strategy will focus on the 　　Agriculture is the basis for developing the western region and an important Characteristics of agriculture is the focus of agricultural development in the western Characteristics through the development of agriculture, strengthening infrastructure construction, improve production conditions, enhance productive capacity, can further strengthen agriculture as the foundation of Gansu Province to speed up agricultural and rural economic development pace for the development of Gansu's economy and narrow the gap between east and west to create the 　　2 is the development of characteristic agriculture in Gansu Province strategic adjustment of agricultural structure of the main direction of 　　The use of Gansu Province, rich in agricultural resources, in line with local conditions and characteristics of agricultural and industrial development, nurturing characteristics with the western industrial belt of agricultural and industrial groups, agricultural resources can achieve a multi-level, multi-channel development and utilization to meet the diversification and high quality market demand is conducive to opening up new market space, Gansu Province, to promote the agricultural structure optimization and 　　 Gansu, the main features of the development potential of agricultural products and market demand analysis　　From the distribution of agricultural products and market demand, both in terms of Gansu Province, with resources and potential for development of agricultural resources are mainly concentrated in the food, medicinal herbs, fruit and livestock products 　　1, food　　In 2002 the province's grain sown area of 3943 mu, 83 million tons grain Between regions in food production that there are clear regional differences, good natural conditions in the plain areas and to take intensive intensive methods of production inputs are also relatively large, thus the per capita grain output was significantly higher than other Per capita food expenditure from the situation, the year the total income per capita grain 92 kilograms, 24 kilograms of total Main per capita consumption of 45 kilograms of grain (including 89 kilograms of wheat, representing the main food consumed 37%), 75 kilograms of grain feed, 72 kilograms of seed Help Gansu food consumption is still in a state of equilibrium tightness, food as the mainstay of rural food consumption status has not been any big 　　With the gradual deepening of reform and opening-up and join the WTO, the current international market prices tend to decline, while China's grain production costs are generally upward The short term a significant increase in land productivity may be low, China's comparative advantage in grain production continued to In addition China's wheat import market of the United States and European Union countries in the Uruguay Round negotiations, reached an agreement to reduce subsidies, which means that China can no longer own the market of imports from these relatively low over the past price of wheat to China to take measures to raise the level of food self-sufficiency and reduce food As the grain in Gansu Province larger share of agricultural products, the impact of lower prices to become the province's agricultural prices decline in the overall level of the main 　　2, economic crops　　In the economic crops, the potential for greater processing Chinese Herbal Medicines, medicinal herbs market in the country occupies a pivotal role, medicines rough year more than 11,000 tons, 3270 tons of proprietary Chinese Five Angelica is in Gansu Province is the largest varieties of medicinal herbs, over the years has been in a tight pin, and annual production of more than 4 thousand tons, the volume of 27,300 tons of goods, export volume of 1509 At present, the formation of their own as the mainstay of rural Danggui market Minxian Xiguan, Meichuan, Dangchang hada Shop, of the rationale for Sichuan, Zhangxian Chengguan, Ishikawa, Weiyuan Kawasaki, will be over These markets with other medicines markets outside the network for the promotion of medicines in circulation has played an important Changium Gansu Province is the second largest varieties of medicinal herbs, annual output of more than 14,000 tons, the volume of more than 13,000 tons of goods, with its output accounting for about 70 percent of national output, of which the principal export Radix Hedysari is unique to Chinese herbal medicines in Gansu, the main export to T Rhubarb and liquorice market demand, lack of sales production, prices, market 　　Traditional Chinese Medicine in Gansu Province is the main pharmaceutical products in 2002, the sown area of Gansu Province, 199 million mu of Chinese herbal medicines, the total output 305,800 tons, the annual industrial output value of Chinese medicine to 4 billion yuan, accounting for all the Chinese medicine industry to 40 Medicine more prominent structural contradictions in the economy, small and scattered industrial enterprises, commercial enterprises in Gansu medicine abuse is a significant Most of medicine resources on the supply of raw materials or primary products market, value-added processing and great Gansu medicine market capacity of 20 billion yuan, but in Gansu local market consumption of only 6 million yuan, the market 　　References:　　1, "on the characteristics of the western region to speed up the views of agricultural development," the Ministry of Agriculture 12　　2, Zhu Xing BAI "developing the western region - agriculture, rural areas and farmers," Economics and Management Press 7　　3, reference is LiuXinmao weeks "loess ground green hope" Lanzhou University Press 1　　中文大意如下　　调整农业产业结构，加快西部地区特色农业的发展　　【论文摘要】实施西部大开发战略和农业结构战略性调整，为发展甘省特色农业提供了有利的机遇和广阔的空间，本文从分析甘肃省实施特色农业的重要性和主要特色农产品的市场潜力入手，了解甘肃省特色农业的生产特点，提出了甘肃省实施特色农业的对策与建议。　　【关键词】西部 特色农业　　甘肃省位于中国的西部，是一片广阔的地域，是被国家划入西部大开发概念的12个省市自治区之一，严重的水土流失、土地荒漠化加剧、水资源短缺、植被破坏、森林草原退化是甘肃省面临的主要生态环境问题，工业污染成为城市发展经济的后遗症。甘肃省脆弱的生态环境不仅阻碍区域经济的进一步发展，而且已经成为未来生存环境的重大隐患。这一切问题都有其症结所在：历史上长期的生产力水平低下与生态脆弱互为因果；“过分强调粮食自给”的发展模式导致森林破坏和水土流失；经济建设不遵循生态环境规律，生态建设科技支撑能力薄弱；制度上条块分割，使生态环境保护和建设各项措施难以落实。特色农业是指具有独特的资源条件、明显的区域特征、特殊的产品品质和特定的消费市场的农业产业。甘肃省地域辽阔，光、热、水、土资源丰富，物种资源多样，具有发展特色农业的优势和潜力。经过多年的发展，甘肃省特色农业已有一定的基础。实施西部大开发战略和农业结构战略性调整，为发展甘肃省特色农业提供了有利的机遇和广阔的空间。当前，要抓住机遇，明确思路，突出重点，制定措施，加快甘肃省特色农业发展　　1、发展甘肃省特色农业的重要性　　1发展特色农业是实施西部大开发战略的重点任务。　　农业是西部大开发的基础和重要组成部分。特色农业是西部农业开发的重点。通过发展特色农业，加强基础设施建设，改善生产条件，提高生产能力，可以进一步加强农业基础地位，加快甘肃省农业和农村经济发展步伐，为发展甘肃经济和缩小东西部差距创造条件。　　2发展特色农业是甘肃省农业结构战略性调整的主攻方向。　　利用甘肃省丰富的农业资源，因地制宜地发展特色农产品和产业，培育具有西部特色的农业产业带和产业群，可以实现农业资源多层次、多途径的开发利用，满足多样化、优质化的市场需求，有利于开辟新的市场空间，促进甘肃省农业结构的优化和升级。　　 甘肃主要特色农产品的开发潜力及市场需求分析　　从农产品分布特点和市场需求两方面来看，甘肃省具有资源优势和开发潜力的农产品资源主要集中在粮食、药材、果品和畜产品上。　　1、粮食作物　　2002年全省粮食播种面积3943万亩，粮食总产量783万吨。区域之间在粮食生产上存在着明显的地区差异，平原地区自然条件好，并采取集约化的精耕细作方式，生产性投入也比较大，因而人均粮食产量明显高于其它地区。从人均粮食收支情况看，年内人均粮食收入合计92公斤，支出合计24公斤。人均主食用粮45公斤(其中小麦89公斤，占主食用粮的37%)，饲料用粮75公斤，种籽用粮72公斤。说明甘肃粮食消费仍处于紧度平衡状态，粮食作为农村食品消费的主体地位没有什么大的变化。　　随着改革开放的逐步深入及加入WTO，目前国际市场上粮价趋于下降，而我国粮食生产成本总体上则呈上升趋势。短期内土地生产率大幅度提高的可能不大，我国粮食生产的比较优势仍在下降。此外中国小麦进口市场的美国和欧盟各国在乌拉圭回合谈判中达成消减补贴的协议，这意味着中国己不可能再从这些市场上进口过去价格相对较低的小麦，促使中国采取措施提高粮食自给水平，减少粮食进口。由于粮食在甘肃省农产品中所占比重较大，其价格下降成为影响全省农产品价格总水平下降的主要因素。　　2、经济作物　　在经济作物中，中药材加工潜力较大，在全国药材市场中占有举足轻重的作用，药材年粗加工1．1万多吨，中成药3270吨。五种大宗地道中药材。当归是甘肃省药材的第一大品种，多年来一直处于紧销状态，年产量达84万多吨，商品量73万吨，出口量1509吨。目前己形成以当归为主体的农村市场有岷县西关、梅川，宕昌哈达铺、理川，漳县城关、石川，渭源会川等十多个。这些市场同省外其它药材市场形成了网络，对于促进药材流通起到了重要的作用。党参是甘肃省药材第二大品种，年产4万多吨，商品量3万多吨，其产量约占全国总产量的70%，其中纹当主要提供出口。红芪是甘肃特有的中药材，主要出口台湾。大黄和甘草市场需求量大，产不足销，价格上升，市场前景看好。　　中药是甘肃省医药产品的主力，2002年甘肃省中药材播种面积199万亩，总产量58万吨，年中药工业产值达到4亿元，占到全部医药工业的40％。医药经济结构性矛盾比较突出，工业企业小而散、商业企业多而滥是甘肃医药的一个显著特征。大部分药材资源是以原材料或初级产品供应市场，加工增值潜力大。甘肃药材市场容量在20亿元以上，但甘肃本地产品市场的消费量只有6亿多元，市场需求量大。　　参考文献：　　1、《关于加快西部地区特色农业发展的意见》 农业部 12　　2、朱文兴 白明 《西部大开发――农业、农村、农民》 经济管理出版社 7　　3、刘兴茂 周述实 《黄土地上的绿色希望》 兰州大学出版社 1

中国农业科学院农业信息研究所承担国家农业图书馆的运行工作。国家农业图书馆负责国内外农业科技文献资源体系建设、全国农业科研系统电子资源共建共享体系建设工作。拥有全国最丰富的农业科技文献信息资源，是国家农业科学数据中心。　　国家农业图书馆为全国农业科技、教育、管理等领域用户提供全方位、多层次文献信息服务，包括文献检索、查新、原文提供、馆际代查、论文收录和引用检索、参考咨询、定题和专题信息服务、动态信息提供、个性化信息推送、文献借阅等。现有馆藏文献210万余册，其中图书31万余册，古农书、地方志等15000余册；目前订购中外文科技期刊4000余种，其中1100余种外文期刊是全国的孤本。自行研发的“中国农业科技文献与信息集成服务平台”（NAIS），在实现资源整合的基础上，面向全国提供“一站式”农业科技信息服务与知识传播。

Countries in the world of development of agricultural information (世界各国农业信息化发展) World Agricultural Information technology generally go through three stages: the first stage is 50-60 during the 20th century, radio, telephone communications and science and computer information stage; the second phase is 70-80 during the 20th century, computer data processing and knowledge processing stage; the third stage of the 20th century since the 90's agricultural database development, network and multimedia technologies and agricultural production, such as automatic control of the new stage of At present, the area of information technology in agriculture in the world's leading countries in the United States, Germany and J The United States is the leader in information technology, agriculture, Japan, Germany, followed by France and other developed countries; India and other developing countries, although the late start, but developed rapidly; Vietnam also recognizes the importance of agriculture and information technology, is stepping up its to catch United States of America Since 1844, Morse (SFBMorse) invented the first telegram, the subsequent image transfer technology with the invention, the US audio and video broadcasts of the radio has been the rapid development and popularization of rural areas has been greatly promoted the United States the process of agricultural information; AppleMacintosh series in 1984 launched the commercialization of computer operation and the promotion of practical use to stimulate the building of the US agricultural database, computer network, such as In 1985, the United States published the world's 428 agricultural computerized cataloging These databases is one of the most important agricultural information One of the most famous, most widely used is: The United States National Agricultural Library and co-developed by the US Department of Agriculture A-GRICOLA, its storage magazine articles, government publications, technical reports and so The United States also has a national crop germplasm resources information management system across the country to provide services to the breeding farm; the 20th century, the United States since the 70s of the computer application scope gradually to the By 1985, the United States has 8% of farmers use the computer processing of agricultural production, including some large farms have been Today, computer applications, to the United States, farm management and production control, research and production of high-quality, efficient and cost- Japan MAFF information in rural areas of the building from the mid-50th century farm broadcasting (cable run) to start the By the late 20th century, 60, Japan "GreenUtopia the concept of" response to the news media at that time the trend of information technology for rural development has played a great role in By the late 80's, for a variety of rapidly growing popularity of information technology, network development, information-based policy in rural areas continue to expand in rural areas, the degree of information technology into the rapid development The end of 1998, in the prefectures in Japan with the establishment of agricultural information-related institutions such as the network center 67, an average of 5 for each County Agricultural Information C 90 Japan in the early 20th century established the National Agricultural Technology Information Service online networks, that is, Telegraph and Telephone Company's real-time management system (DRESS), its large-scale electronic computer can be the collection, processing, storage and delivery from all over the country's agricultural technical DRESS County are located in each sub-centers, can quickly obtain information and exchange of information at any Germany In the mid-20th century, 50 to 70 of Germany's agricultural radio, telephone, television and other communication technologies, and universal in rural 70 In the mid-20th century to the mid-80's, a German computer data processing, data storage, such as the establishment of agricultural information technology from the initial stage to mature The mid-80s, the German government commissioned the study in Germany has established a full model of the agricultural economy of the region, later additions and amendments continue to be a very mature to deal with the agricultural information system to provide services for the decision- 80 In the mid-20th century to the early 90s, in this period, Germany in agricultural research and development of database technology has made a lot of work to the Since the mid-90s, the emergence of Internet dissemination of agricultural information to make a fundamental change occurred in the past, large and inefficient data storage facilities, high-performance computer systems have been At present, Germany through a variety of network connectivity, can find information on a variety of professional research, science and technology, management information and economic France Before 1997, the French information technology also is lagging Since 1997, the French government will be the development of the Information Society a priority before, the former Prime Minister Lionel Jospin was launched on "Information Society Project Action (PAGSI)" Through unremitting efforts, France has been in information technology has made gratifying France with the family computer in 1997 and 2000 almost At the end of 2000, the family personal computer equipped with the rate of between 26% -33%, and the growth rate achieved during the period is basically the European average, which also contributed to France's development of agricultural India India in the 20th century, the beginning of the 60's the use of agricultural research in the 20th century since the 90's, the Indian government decided to implement the Agricultural Research Information System (ARIS) project, with information technology for national agricultural research systems, funds from the National Agricultural Research Project F The establishment of agricultural research information system is the main purpose of: agriculture and agricultural research managers to quickly and easily access to information; use of national agricultural research systems to collect the infrastructure, processing, storage, retrieval and use of information; at the national agricultural research system the full realization of the sharing of information resources; improve research project planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation South Korea 20th century 80's, South Korea to speed up the process of economic globalization, with the intensification level of agricultural modernization and the improvement of crop yield is also significantly improved, to some extent alleviated the negative effects of reduced arable South Korea in the process of modernization of agriculture, agricultural information up on the Of agricultural information at this stage is characterized mainly in the construction of infrastructure to South Korea launched in 1994 "plan to revitalize agricultural and fishery and agricultural policy reform program" to strengthen the science and technology including information technology, investment in In the process of the revitalization of agriculture, agricultural information technology come into This stage of the characteristics of agricultural information is to strengthen the Government's role in the process of South Korea agricultural information as a late start of the country, of agricultural information to take the "catch up" "Catch up" the State may use the successful experience of developed countries, vis-à-vis the process of industrialization in advance for access to the information age, and in turn the use of information technology to promote and transform the traditional agriculture, and even the formation of "industrialization" and "information-based "The new model This stage the main features of information technology is more focused on the effectiveness of the application of information Vietnam Vietnam's agricultural information of a late start, a wave of information technology in the world under the impetus of the 20th century, late 90's to establish the Internet in 2000, e-ASEAN agreement formally At present, the Vietnamese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in the realization of e-management process, the Government has learned from the experience of many countries, plans to carry out four steps: the first step in the establishment of websites, to provide basic information for farmers; the second step to establish and expand the agricultural and rural the development of trade information systems; the third step the establishment of agriculture and rural development for the software industry, to replace imported software and the progressive realization of export their own software; fourth step is to adapt to the needs of technology development, strengthening of agricultural information technology experts