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impact:影响。作用Enterprise Resource planning Systems :企业资源计划系统management:管理:管理部门因此翻译为:企业资源计划系统在管理上的影响
商务英语专业属于文学类。商务英语主要研究语言学、经济学、管理学等方面的基本理论和知识,接受英语听、说、读、写、译等方面的基本训练,培养扎实的英语语言基础和较系统的国际商务管理知识,在国际贸易、商务等领域进行商务翻译等。该专业适应于将来希望在商务环境中工作的学生。 培养目标:本专业培养具有扎实的英语基本功、宽阔的国际视野、专门的国际商务知识与技 能,掌握应用语言学、应用经济学、工商管理学和国际商法等学科相关知识和理论,了解国际商务 活动规则,具备较强的跨文化商务交际能力与较高的人文素养,能参与国际商务竞争与合作的应 用型、复合型商务英语专业人才。培养要求:本专业学生主要接受全面的英语技能训练,了解英语国家基本概况,掌握应用经 济学、工商管理学和国际商法等相关学科的基本理论和知识,接受跨学科和跨文化思维能力训 练,具有国际视野,熟悉中外文化和对外交往礼仪,具备按国际惯例从事商务活动的能力,具备良 好的政治思想素养、较强的创新意识和一定的创新能力,能适应经贸、管理、金融、外事等领域各 类工作岗位,并具备进一步学习研究的坚实基础。主要实践性教学环节:本专业的实践性教学环节包括实验教学、专业实习、商务方案策划、学 术活动和社会实践。实践性教学环节的所有活动应以课堂教学的内容为基础,并在教师指导下 开展,目的在于激发学生的学习兴趣,以及培养学生的自主学习能力、语言综合运用能力、组织能 力、交际能力、思维能力和创新能力。实验教学包括学生根据教学要求,对某些教学内容进行计 算机仿真模拟操作;专业实习包括认知实习和岗位实习,可在校内外实习基地和其他实习场所完 成;商务方案策划要求学生运用所学专业知识,按照规范策划商务活动,包括项目选择、信息调 研、数据分析、报告撰写、方案设计、模拟实施等环节;学术活动包括学术研讨、学科竞赛等;社会 实践包括各种涉外商务活动、涉外活动志愿服务等。适合人群:大致可以分为两类人,一是身处商务工作环境,二是希望将来在商务工作环境中工作。具体说来,一个商务英语的学习者在开始学习时就应具备很好的英语能力,能够有效地、有目的地掌握和消化新学的东西。商务英语作为职业英语的一种。与其他职业英语,比如旅游英语、法律英语、医用英语,一样是具有很强专业性的行业英语,共同点在于都要有英语的基本语言基础。要成为一个优秀的商务英语人才,就一定要有扎实的英语基础。一个好的商务英语培训班除了传授专业英语知识外,西方企业管理的基本思想也是必不可少的。商务英语考试由中英双方合作引进中国,证书权威性高,被英联邦各国及 欧洲国家商业企业部门作为英语能力证明的首选证书, 新东方商务英语培训按学员水平和需求分为不同班型,全面提高应试技巧,帮助学员取得理想的分数。核心课程:1.英语知识与技能课程,包括基础英语、综合商务英语、商务英语视听说、商务英语阅读、商 务英语写作、商务英语翻译(口译、笔译)等;2.商务知识与技能课程,包括经济学、国际商务导论、国际商法、会计学原理、公共演讲、商 务谈判等;3.跨文化交际课程,包括跨文化交际、国际商务文化等;4.人文素养课程,包括英语文学、英语国家社会与文化、中国文化等。 发展前景1、国际贸易实务方向本专业方向培养掌握商务英语专业所必需的基础理论知识和专业知识,具备较强的英语应用技能及商业运作能力,能从事商务与秘书工作的高等应用型人才。该专业由英语语言能力、商务运作能力和计算机应用技术三个技能模块构建成整个教学计划的核心,就业前景乐观。 2、国际商务管理及秘书方向本专业方向掌握商务英语专业所必需的基础理论知识和专业知识,具备较强的英语应用技能及商业运作能力,能从事商务管理与项目策划工作的高等应用型人才。该专业学生毕业后掌握商务运作的知识与技能,能熟练运用英语和计算机从事国际商务及秘书工作。部分主干课程:秘书学、秘书实务、公文写作、商务模拟、国际商务谈判、进出口业务与单证、商务英语口译、商务英语、办公自动化、会计原理、企业管理等。3、会展英语方向本专业方向培养掌握会展与广告设计基本理论和知识、具备会展设计规划和运用计算机进行艺术创造设计的实用型高级专业人才。学生毕业后能从事国际、国内各种会展的组织与策划、会展翻译、会展协调与服务、外事办公等工作。就业前景:国际商务公司、外资企业、三资企业、民营企业、金融机构、跨国公司中国分公司、境外中国公司、涉外机构、政府、行政事业单位从事国际贸易、进出口贸易、商务谈判、翻译、涉外文秘和管理等工作。也适合各外贸易公司、商场、宾馆、企事业单位办公部门等。商务英语的考研方向:商务英语本科专业相近考研方向有文学(主要是英美文学)、语言学、英美文化研究、翻译研究、翻译学、英语教等方面。随着经济的发展与时代的进步,部分高等院校根据自己的特色与强项开设了新的研究方向,如双语词典研究、国际新闻、同声传译、跨文化交际、国际商务英语、计算语言学等等。 商务英语的就业方向:在国际商务公司、外资企业、三资企业、民营企业、金融机构、跨国公司中国分公司、境外中国公司涉外机构、政府、行政事业单位从事国际贸易、进出口贸易、商务谈判、翻译、涉外文秘和管理等工作。也适合各外贸易公司、商场、宾馆、企事业单位办公部门等工作。
Managing people effectively in extension programmes is a skill that requires constant planning and An extension programme manager can be defined as the person who is vested with formal authority over an organization or one of its sub He or she has status that leads to various interpersonal relations, and from this comes access to Information, in turn, enables the manager to devise strategies, make decisions, and implement action (Mintzberg, 1988) Management is concerned with the optimum attainment of organizational goals and objectives with and through other Extension management organizations are characterized by many strategies, wide spans of control, democracy, and Their management practices cannot be reduced to one standard set of operating guidelines that will work for all organizations However, all managers of professional organizations face the same challenge: to manage one's time, objectives, and resources in order to accomplish tasks and implement ideas (Waldron, 1994) Managers of extension programmes are painfully aware of the need for revision and development of the new skill sets held by today's high If change is not handled correctly, it can be more devastating then ever High performers reflect, discover, assess, and They know that a new focus on connecting the heads, hearts, and hands of people in their organization is Astute managers know what needs to be done but struggle with how to do Quite often they prefer to consider themselves as teachers or communicators rather than This results in under-utilization of the increasing amount of literature on management theory and The root of the problem is They must learn how to motivate others and build an efficient More formally defined, management is the process by which people, technology, job tasks, and other resources are combined and coordinated so as to effectively achieve organizational A process or function is a group of related activities contributing to a larger Management functions are based on a common philosophy and They centre around the following: Developing and clarifying mission, policies, and objectives of the agency or organization Establishing formal and informal organizational structures as a means of delegating authority and sharing responsibilities Setting priorities and reviewing and revising objectives in terms of changing demands Maintaining effective communications within the working group, with other groups, and with the larger community Selecting, motivating, training, and appraising staff Securing funds and managing budgets; evaluating accomplishments and Being accountable to staff, the larger enterprise, and to the community at large (Waldron, 1994b)The management functions listed above can be categorized by using the acronym POSDCORB (Bonoma & Slevin, 1978, from Gulick & Urwick, 1959): · Planning: outlining philosophy, policy, objectives, and resultant things to be accomplished, and the techniques for accomplishment · Organizing: establishing structures and systems through which activities are arranged, defined, and coordinated in terms of some specific objectives · Staffing: fulfilling the personnel function, which includes selecting and training staff and maintaining favourable work conditions · Directing: making decisions, embodying decisions in instructions, and serving as the leader of the enterprise · Coordinating: interrelating the various parts of the work · Reporting: keeping those to whom you are responsible, including both staff and public, informed · Budgeting: making financial plans, maintaining accounting and management control of revenue, and keeping costs in line with objectivesPlanningPlanning is the key management function of any extension It is the process of determining in advance what should be accomplished, when, by whom, how, and at what Regardless of whether it is planning long-term program priorities or planning a two-hour meeting, the planning aspect of management is the major contributor to success and Stated simply, "If you don't know where you are going, then you won't know when you have arrived!" Planning is the process of determining the organization's goals and objectives and making the provisions for their It involves choosing a course of action from available Planning is the process of determining organizational aims, developing premises about the current environment, selecting the course of action, initiating activities required to transform plans into action, and evaluating the The types of planning that managers engage in will depend on their level in the organization and on the size and type of the Generally there are four major types of planning exercises: strategic, tactical, contingency, and Strategic planning involves determining organizational goals and how to achieve This usually occurs at the top management Tactical planning is concerned with implementing the strategic plans and involves middle and lower Contingency planning anticipates possible problems or changes that may occur in the future and prepares to deal with them effectively as they arise (Marshall, 1992) Managerial planning is usually considered as microlevel It helps in combining resources to fulfil the overall objectives of the extension A needs assessment may initiate a need for developing a The planning process begins with the creation of a philosophy that consists of statements describing the values, beliefs, and attitudes of the Its mission statement is a proclamation of its purpose or reason for After the philosophy and mission statements have been established, various goals and objectives are Goals are usually general statements that project what is to be accomplished in the An objective is a concrete statement describing a specific Policies are predetermined guides to decision making; they establish boundaries or limits within which action may be Managers are related to policy formation in two First, they play a crucial role in implementing organizational policies that have been established by higher Second, they create policies within their departments as guides for their own work Procedures outline the series of steps to be followed when carrying out a designed policy or taking a particular course of Rules are used to provide final and definite Usually they are Planning is designing the future, anticipating problems, and imagining In short, planning is essential for anyone who wants to The functions of organizing, leading, staffing, and budgeting are means of carrying out the decisions of Everyone is a planner - a planner of meals, of work time, Of vacations, of Formal planning, however, distinguishes managers from non-managers, effective managers from ineffective Formal planning forces managers to think of the future, to set priorities, to encourage creativity, to articulate clear objectives, and to forecast the future in terms of anticipated problems and political Long-Range Planning Long-range planning is vitally important in that it focuses attention on crucial future issues which are vitally important to the It involves studying societal trends and issues, surveying current and anticipated learners' needs, and being aware of long-term research directions and changes in Many extension workers may think that such management is beyond their level of authority, control, or They may feel that such management is the prerogative of the director, the deputy minister, or the However, while senior levels of management must be involved, those who implement the objectives resulting from long-range planning should also be
Enterprise Management IncentivesA guide for employees, employers and advisersThis guidance aims to take you through the qualifying requirements for Enterprise Management Incentives (EMIs) It is divided into sections which explain each part of the legislation contained in Schedule 5 Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act Detailed points are covered in a question and answer It also explains some key terms Unless otherwise stated, the statutory references in this guidance are to the Income Tax (Earnings and Pensions) Act 2003, and the abbreviations ITEPA 2003 and Sch 5 have been used Remember that if you grant EMI options you may also have to consider other laws and For example, there may be company law and regulatory requirements to comply Such matters are not covered in this guide so you should consider whether you need to take relevant professional The information contained here is for guidance EMI options must at all times comply with the provisions of Schedule 5 ITEPA What’s in this guidance * What are Enterprise Management Incentives (EMIs)? * How EMIs work * Qualifying companies * What makes an employee eligible? * About the options * Notification of grants of options * Income tax and National Insurance contributions * Capital gains tax * What happens when a company reorganises? * Useful contacts * EMI terms explainedWhat are Enterprise Management Incentives (EMIs)?EMIs are tax advantaged share They are designed to help small, higher risk companies recruit and retain employees who have the skills to help them grow and They are also a way of rewarding employees for taking a risk by investing their time and skills to help small companies achieve their How EMIs workTax advantaged share options with a market value of up to £100,000 may be granted to a qualifying employee of a qualifying company, subject to a total share value of £3 million under EMI options to all The shares must be in an independent trading company that has gross assets of no more than £30 The grant of the option is tax-free and there will normally be no tax or National Insurance contributions (NICs) for the employee to pay when the option is There will normally be no NICs charge for the If the shares are sold at a gain, any capital gains tax (CGT) charge may be reduced because taper relief will normally start from the date that the option is The employer must notify HMRC of an award of EMI options within 92 days of the grant of the Throughout this guidance all references to employer are to the employing How companies qualify for EMIFor companies to qualify they must have maximum gross assets of no more than £30 million; for groups, this applies to the assets of the group as a The company whose shares are the subject of the option must be independent, and the company or group must be Companies carrying on certain trades will not There is more detail on qualifying How options qualify for tax relief under EMIIf an option is to qualify for tax relief: * the option has to be notified to HMRC in time and as required * the company whose shares are under option has to be a qualifying company * the type of share under option has to qualify * the employee has to be eligible * the terms of the option have to What makes an employee eligibleTo qualify for EMI an employee has to be employed by the company whose shares are the subject of the option, or by a An employee must spend at least 25 hours a week working for the company or the If his hours are shorter, he must spend at least 75% of his working time working as an employee for the company or There are more details on employee How EMIs workThis section outlines the main requirements for options to qualify under EMI, they are: * the purpose of the option * the maximum entitlement of the employee and * the overall limit on options to be granted by the The purpose of the optionThe options must be granted for commercial reasons to recruit or retain employees in a company, and not as part of an arrangement one of the main purposes of which is to avoid (Para 4 Sch 5)Can a company cancel existing options and replace them with EMI options?If the option is granted to recruit or retain employees the purpose test is This will depend on the facts and all the Maximum entitlementNo employee may hold unexercised qualifying EMI options with a market value of more than £100, The market value is taken at the date of The value to be used is the unrestricted market value, that is, the value of shares under option without taking into account any restrictions or the risk of forfeitureIf an option granted to an employee causes the £100,000 limit to be exceeded, the excess will not qualify as an EMI Are there limits on the number of qualifying options that an employee may be Granted within a particular period?Y Once an employee has been granted EMI, or EMI and Company Share Option Plan (CSOP) options up to the £100,000 limit, he must wait until 3 years after the last of these options was granted before he can be granted any more EMI qualifying options, even if he has exercised or released some of the He can then be granted further EMI options to the extent that any other EMI or CSOP options then held by him are below the £100,000 (Para 6 Sch 5)How are shares valued for the purposes of the £100,000 limit?The market value of any shares for this purpose is the price they might reasonably be expected to fetch on the open market, free from any restrictions or risk of forfeiture to which they may be If the shares under option are quoted on the London Stock Exchange, the market value is based on the prices on the Stock Exchange’s Daily Official L If shares are not quoted on the London Stock Exchange, the company may offer its own In that case, HMRC may enquire into the Alternatively, the company can ask HMRC Shares and Assets Valuation (SAV) to agree a valuation with them before the option is granted or whenever a valuation is Companies, or advisers, may find this If the exercise of the option is subject to performance conditions will this affect the determination of market value?N Performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the market value of the shares under Is there a limit on the number of employees who may hold EMI options?N Any number of employees may hold EMI options in a company or group, subject to a maximum of £3 million as the total value of shares under EMI option in a Qualifying CompaniesThis section sets out the conditions a company has to meet to qualify for EMI, they are: * independence * having only qualifying subsidiaries (including qualifying property managing subsidiaries after 17 March 2004) * gross assets * trading The requirements that companies have to meet for options to qualify under EMI are similar to the requirements for the Enterprise Investment Scheme, the Corporate Venturing Scheme and Venture Capital T However, both quoted and unquoted companies can qualify for EMIIndependenceA company whose shares are subject to EMI options must not be: * a 51% subsidiary (more than 50% of its ordinary share capital owned by another company), or * controlled by another company (or another company and persons connected with it)Arrangements must not exist which could result in the company becoming a 51% subsidiary or otherwise being (Para 9 Sch 5)Control in this context means the power of one company to ensure that the affairs of another company whose shares are subject to EMI option are conducted in accordance with that company’s This may be through share ownership, voting power, or because of any powers conferred by Articles of Association or other Qualifying subsidiaries (before 17 March 2004)For options granted before 17 March 2004, all of a company’s subsidiaries must be qualifying That is, the company whose shares are subject to EMI options must: * possess, directly or indirectly, at least 75% of the share capital and the voting power of the subsidiary * be entitled to receive at least 75% of the assets of the subsidiary, in the event of a winding up or in any other circumstances, if they were all distributed * be entitled to at least 75% of profits of the subsidiary available for distribution to No other person must be able to control the subsidiary (control having the same meaning as it has for the independence )There must be no arrangements in existence by virtue of which any of these conditions would cease to be If a subsidiary company itself has subsidiaries, shares will not qualify to be used in an EMI option unless all these subsidiaries are also qualifying subsidiaries, as defined Example 1Company A has a 75% shareholding in subsidiary company B, and the same % rights to votes, assets and Company B is therefore a qualifying Company B has a 75% shareholding in subsidiary company C, and the same % rights to votes, assets and Company C it also therefore a qualifying Company A meets the EMI requirements in relation to its Example 2Company X has a 75% shareholding in subsidiary company Y, and the same % rights to votes, assets and Company Y is therefore a qualifying Company X also has a 60% shareholding in subsidiary company Z, and the same % rights to votes, assets and Company Z is not a qualifying Company X therefore fails to meets the EMI requirements, as not all of its subsidiaries are qualifying Qualifying subsidiaries (after 17 March 2004)For options granted on or after 17 March 2004 all of a company’s subsidiaries must be qualifying That is, the company whose shares are subject to EMI options must hold, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the share capital of the (Para 11(2) Sch 5)No other person must be able to control the subsidiary (control having the same meaning as it has for the independence )There must be no arrangements in existence by virtue of which any of these conditions would cease to be There is a further requirement if the company has subsidiaries that manage Qualifying property managing subsidiariesFor options granted on or after 17 March 2004, a company will not qualify if it has a property managing subsidiary which is not a 90% subsidiary of the (Para 11A(1) Sch 5)A property managing company is one whose business consists wholly or mainly in the holding of managing of land, buildings or interest in To be a qualifying property managing subsidiary, the company whose shares are subject to EMI options must: * possess, directly, at least 90% of the issued share capital and the voting power in the subsidiary * be entitled to receive at least 90% of the assets of the subsidiary, in the event of a winding up or in any other circumstances, if they were all distributed * be entitled to at least 90% of profits of the subsidiary available for distribution to No other person must be able to control the subsidiary (control having the same meaning as it has for the independence )There must be no arrangements in existence by virtue of which any of these conditions would cease to be Gross assetsThe value of the company’s gross assets must not exceed £30 million at the date the EMI option is If the company is a member of a group of companies, the limits are applied to the gross assets of the group as a 由于篇幅有限,网址在这里-new-htm,你可以在那里看到完整。这是一篇关于企业管理的学术性文章。
ERP系统对管理的影响