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A framework of information technology-based agriculture information dissemination system to improve crop productivity 一种基于用于提高作物产量的农业信息传播系统的信息技术框架 CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL 88, NO 12, 25 JUNE 2005 当代科学，第88卷，第12号，2005年6月25日 P Krishna Reddy* and R Ankaiah 作者（印度）介绍 P Krishna Reddy is in the International Institute of Information Technology,Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 019, India; R Ankaiah is in the National Seed Project, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad 500 030, I ~pkreddy/pkreddypapers/CurrentSpdf AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION AND DECISION SUPPORT BY SMS 基于SMS的农业信息和决策支持 Allan Leck Jensen, AllanLJensen@AgrSdk Iver Thysen, IThysen@AgrSdk Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Foulum, Denmark 丹麦国家农业研究院 A A warning system where up-to-date and local agricultural information is communicated by SMS is The system has two types of warnings: Push-type warnings are sent regularly or when certain criteria are met, as specified by the user, while pull-type warnings are sent on the user’s request by SMS A web-based DSS, which require data updated frequently by the user, has been enabled for operation by SMS Applying widely distributed and well-known technology, the SMS systems make information and decision support available to the farmer whenever he needs it and wherever he The paper describes the SMS systems and analyses the uptake by Nordic Journal of African Studies 15(2): 199–205 (2006) 非洲研究 Multilinguality of Farm Broadcast and Agricultural Information Access in Nigeria 尼日利亚的多种语言沟通的农场广播和农业信息获取 OLADIMEJI IDOWU OLADELE University of Ibadan, Nigeria ABSTRACT： This paper examines the effect of the multilingual farm broadcast on the access to agricultural information in N Farm broadcast programmes on radio and television were compiled and the language of presentation examined for each of the The diversity of the languages in Nigeria presupposes that for farmers to have access to agricultural information through the radio and television, the language of presentation has to be based on that of the The study recommends that information sources to farmers should explore multilingual sources to ensure farmers’ access to agricultural Keywords: Multilinguality, agricultural information access, Nigeria, farm broadcast -files/vol15num2/pdf 还有荷兰农业和乡村合作技术中心（CTA)关于非洲农业信息报告，237页。未附
The Industrialization of Agriculture:Policy, Research, and Education Needs DRIVING INDUSTRIALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE GRAIN INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES Present Situation of the Industrialization and Development _science/071/pdfFarm Policy in an Industrialized Agriculture~jab/Library/M00-pdfAgriculture, and developmen on the Road to Industrialization更多：用google搜索industrialization agriculture filetype:pdf用google学术搜索：-CN&lr=
The new technology of agriculture refers to many science and technics,inlucding the industrializing of agriculture,the green revolution and the sustainable development of The industrializing of agriculture improves the efficiency of agricultural The green revolution brings us more productive crops and raise the production of The theory of sustainable development of agriculture provides human race a bright future in which people and nature are living together
The Industrialization of Agriculture:Policy, Research, and Education Needs DRIVING INDUSTRIALIZATION OF AGRICULTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE GRAIN INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES Present Situation of the Industrialization and Development _science/071/pdfFarm Policy in an Industrialized Agriculture~jab/Library/M00-pdfAgriculture, and developmen on the Road to Industrialization更多：用google搜索industrialization agriculture filetype:pdf用google学术搜索：-CN&lr=
随着经济的繁荣、广大群众生活水平的大幅度提高，面对现实，积极响应党关于建设新农村的号召，发展全国文化信息资源共享工程、农村基层服务点，逐步开展农村数字化信息服务，让信息资源在新农村建设中发挥重要作用。图书馆应将现代化技术运用于农业科技资料室，不仅是将手工操作转为计算机操作，更主要的是它将信息服务推向了一个新的阶段，加速了网络化的进程，特别是顺应了读者对文献检索快、准、高、广的要求，资源共享对我国新农村的建设起着非常重要的作用。 1乡、镇农业资料室现状 随着经济的繁荣、广大群众生活水平的大幅度提高，面对现实，积极响应党关于建设新农村的号召，发展全国文化信息资源共享工程、农村基层服务点，逐步开展农村数字化信息服务，让信息资源在新农村建设中发挥重要作用。乡、镇农业资料室工作是公共图书馆工作的重要组成部分，更是在图书馆业务指导下的农业资料进行管理利用体系化建设的重要环节，也是党和国家在建设新农村工作中对我们公共图书馆工作提出的新的要求，而乡、镇农业资料室又有着与乡党政机关、中小学图书室不同的特点，把乡镇农业资料建设好，对普及乡镇文化，提高农业科技水平有着重大意义，而乡镇农业资料室面临如资金严重缺泛，资料少，信息不快，不易被农民朋友认识等现状。造成这些现状主要原因有： 1资料室的房屋建设破旧，没有专用的读书学习环境和学习氛围。 2资料室仍然以印刷型文本形式收藏为主，造成慢、散、不全现象，而有的乡、镇资料室还只是形式，有名无实，甚至有些地方根本就无资料室。 3数字化信息资料的出现解决了上述问题，同时又出现诸如声像、音响、多媒体等新形式的分类、管理等问题。 4农业资料室目前仍处在或基本处在原始状态下的文本检索状态，对普及农业科技知识和农业科研都产生了诸多不利影响。 5声像、音响、多媒体等信息资料的出现，对建设新农村有着独特的意义。 因此，乡镇农业资料室的建设发展就面临着多方面的挑战和机遇，特别是在网络条件下，数字化农业信息的大量涌现，给信息资源的收集、整理、检索和利用提出了新的要求，也是对农业资料室建设面临的现实问题，而这一问题的解决对我们建设新农村有着重要的现实意义。 2乡镇农业资料室建设的意义 随着网络技术的发展，出现了大量的网络信息，他们多以数据库超文本、多媒体的形式存在，电子型、数字型信息资源逐步占据网络时代的主导地位。随着网络信息数量的不断扩充，对信息资源进行有效地组织与控制的要求日益迫切，将现代化技术手段应用于资料室，不仅是将手工操作转换为计算机操作，更主要的是它将服务推向了一个新的阶段。载体的多样性，数字化影像资料的大量利用，解决了长期以来依靠手工检索资料的难题，因而大大提高了资料的利用率，尤其是满足农村读者可在不出家门的情况下就能搜索到所需的文献信息。 3 乡、镇农业资料室特点 1农业资料载体特点 农业资料一般包括农、林、牧、副、鱼等几大学科。特别是各种动植物标本，由于专业种类繁多，农业文献资料类型多样化，资料室收藏不但有印刷型的纸质文献，还有非印刷品的实物标本资料，以及 磁、光、电介质的资料如VCD、LCD和磁盘、光盘等。这些丰富的文献资料构成了农业资料室的专业文献收藏。利用现代计算机技术和网络通迅技术将这些丰富的文献资源进行综合数字化处理，不但使广大农村读者更有效利用这些文献，还能取得更大的社会效益和经济效益。将文献资料进行数字化处理可以彻底解决特殊文献难以实现的查检和存取难题，实现按需阅览和随机存取，同时还可提供多用户使用，不再受藏书量、时间、地点等诸多因素的影响。所以农业资料室网络化、数字化是社会发展的需要，是具有新的活力的。 2乡、镇农业资料室的特点 乡、镇农业资料室的服务对象不同于公共图书馆较集中于城区，而是主要面向广大农村，而农村读者居住较散，交通不便许多村社距乡、镇较远，且农村读者白天还要忙农活，他们主要是夜间学习。农业资料室还有一个特殊的收藏特点，即实物标本的收藏。这些标本不能像书刊一样借给读者，其定期展示的受益面也是有限的，所以网络化、数字化的农业资料室更为方便简捷读者学习。 4 乡、镇农业资料室的困境 1资料室工作人员网络信息服务意识不强，计算机操作技术欠缺。 首先，由于受传统文献服务方式的影响，资料室工作人员目前仍然偏重于手工检索和局限于资料室收藏的印刷型文献的查找，对于网络信息的利用缺乏足够的认识。其次，计算机知识不够深入和全面，不能熟练地运用计算机技术来进行网络信息的检索和利用，仍用传统的方式进行分类、加工、著录。 2资料室文献收藏形式单一，现代化设备不够完善。 目前，乡、镇农业资料室仍然以印刷文献形式收藏为主，绝大多数没有自动化系统。 5农业资料室管理的组织设计 1负责制定农业资料室建设的发展、目标、方案、制度和运行机制，协调各方面的关系，为其争取更广泛和更有力的政策支持和经费支持，促进农业资源共享，有计划地协调和控制管理职能，宏观调控农业信息资源的建设。 2 调控资源建设。根据各农业资料室所处的地理位置、特长、特点等因素，对信息建设进行合理的调配，解除资料室的后顾之忧，避免资源的重复浪费，切合实际和充分利用现有资源，并发展具有自己优势的信息资源。 6 对农业资料室建设发展的设想 1进行资料室网络信息组织设计 以现有资源为基础，以网络技术为依托，构筑一套农业网络信息技术系统模型。首先，建成单位农业信息网络数字资源库，向全乡、镇广大读者提供农业资料查询、信息资源开发，大众目录服务，开展网上读书、光盘数据库查询和提供文摘、索引、全文数据库及多媒体信息服务等。 2抓紧进行资料室资源库建设 抓紧进行资料室资源建设是实现农业网络信息组织优质服务的首要任务，资源建设要把重点放在建立本乡、镇农业文献资源库上，以形成具有本地特色的文献资源库。 3注重文献资源的开发利用 将社会上大量分散的农业信息资源，经采集、分类、整理、加工、建库，形成大型的农业数字资源库，向大众提供服务。充分利用农业资源，为建设新农村服好务。 4进行网上农业信息资源建设 随着因特网的广泛应用，给传统资料收藏带来了强烈的冲击和难得的机遇。网络信息资源的建立提供了一个比传统资源大得多的空间，拓展了资源利用和服务的渠道。进行网上农业信息资源建设，可以使大部分读者不用走进资料室，就可通过网络得到大量宝贵的农业资源服务。 5资料室的知识更新 建设农业资料室网络信息组织的保障因素之一是要加速培养一支精通现代信息技术的人才队伍，这支队伍中既要有图书馆专业人才，又要有计算机技术人才，还应有信息开发、网络应用和咨询等方面的人才。同时要求现有的资料管理员要更新知识，把他们培养成既能掌握网络环境下的计算机操作，又能熟悉图书馆资源和网上资源的开发与利用的新一代图书管理员。 对于在建设农业资料室的同时，要与相关部门共同进行资源建设，实行资源共享，使农业网络信息技术尽快投入应用，为建设社会主义新农村做出贡献。
A framework of information technology-based agriculture information dissemination system to improve crop productivity 一种基于用于提高作物产量的农业信息传播系统的信息技术框架 CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL 88, NO 12, 25 JUNE 2005 当代科学，第88卷，第12号，2005年6月25日 P Krishna Reddy* and R Ankaiah 作者（印度）介绍 P Krishna Reddy is in the International Institute of Information Technology,Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 019, India; R Ankaiah is in the National Seed Project, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad 500 030, I ~pkreddy/pkreddypapers/CurrentSpdf AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION AND DECISION SUPPORT BY SMS 基于SMS的农业信息和决策支持 Allan Leck Jensen, AllanLJensen@AgrSdk Iver Thysen, IThysen@AgrSdk Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Foulum, Denmark 丹麦国家农业研究院 A A warning system where up-to-date and local agricultural information is communicated by SMS is The system has two types of warnings: Push-type warnings are sent regularly or when certain criteria are met, as specified by the user, while pull-type warnings are sent on the user’s request by SMS A web-based DSS, which require data updated frequently by the user, has been enabled for operation by SMS Applying widely distributed and well-known technology, the SMS systems make information and decision support available to the farmer whenever he needs it and wherever he The paper describes the SMS systems and analyses the uptake by Nordic Journal of African Studies 15(2): 199–205 (2006) 非洲研究 Multilinguality of Farm Broadcast and Agricultural Information Access in Nigeria 尼日利亚的多种语言沟通的农场广播和农业信息获取 OLADIMEJI IDOWU OLADELE University of Ibadan, Nigeria ABSTRACT： This paper examines the effect of the multilingual farm broadcast on the access to agricultural information in N Farm broadcast programmes on radio and television were compiled and the language of presentation examined for each of the The diversity of the languages in Nigeria presupposes that for farmers to have access to agricultural information through the radio and television, the language of presentation has to be based on that of the The study recommends that information sources to farmers should explore multilingual sources to ensure farmers’ access to agricultural Keywords: Multilinguality, agricultural information access, Nigeria, farm broadcast -files/vol15num2/pdf 还有荷兰农业和乡村合作技术中心（CTA)关于非洲农业信息报告，237页。未附
美国国家农业图书馆的“农业联机检索”(Agriculture On—Line Access,简称AGRICOLA),英国的“联邦农业局”(Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux,简称CAB)和联合国粮农组织的“国际农业科技情报”(International Information System of the AgriculturalScience and Technology,简称AGRIS)
分数呢？还是去上看看吧
松下电工2002年 在北京成立"National健美工作室"、"NAIS技术工作室"。 全国自动识别系统（Nationwide Automatic Identification System）；松下电工；中国农业科技文献与信息集成服务平台
农业产业化国家重点龙头企业 "National key Leading Enterprise in Agriculture Industrialization"
Adjustment of agricultural structure, characteristics of the western region to speed up the development of agriculture 【Abstract】 implementing the western development strategy and strategic adjustment of agricultural structure for the development of agriculture with characteristics Samangan province have provided favorable opportunities and broader space, this article from the analysis of Gansu Province, the implementation of the importance of agriculture with characteristics and the main features of the market potential of agricultural products start to understand the characteristics of Gansu Province characteristics of agricultural production and put forward the implementation of special agriculture in Gansu Province of the countermeasures and 【Key words】 western characteristic agriculture Gansu province is located in China's western region is a vast region, is included in the national development of the western region the concept of one of 12 provinces and municipalities and autonomous regions, serious soil erosion, land desertification, water shortages, destruction of vegetation, forest grassland degradation Gansu province is a major eco-environmental problems, industrial pollution in the city after-effects of economic Gansu Province, the fragile ecological environment will not only hinder further development of regional economy, but also the future of the living environment has become a major All this has its crux of the problem: the history of long-term low levels of productivity and ecological fragility of both cause and effect; "too much emphasis on food self-sufficiency" model of development led to forest destruction and soil erosion; economic construction does not follow the law of the ecological environment, ecological construction technology support the weak; institutional fragmentation, so that ecological protection and construction of the measures can hardly be Characteristics of agriculture refers to the unique resources, clear regional characteristics, a special product quality and specific consumer market of agricultural Gansu Province, a vast territory, light, heat, water, soil is rich in resources, species diversity, with the development of agriculture with characteristics and potential After years of development, characteristics of Gansu Province has been a foundation of Implementing the western development strategy and strategic adjustment of agricultural structure for the development of characteristic agriculture in Gansu Province provided favorable opportunities and broader At present, we should seize the opportunity, clear thinking, focus, work out measures to speed up the characteristics of agricultural development in Gansu Province 1, the development of Gansu Province, the importance of agriculture with characteristics 1 The development of characteristic agriculture is implementing the western development strategy will focus on the Agriculture is the basis for developing the western region and an important Characteristics of agriculture is the focus of agricultural development in the western Characteristics through the development of agriculture, strengthening infrastructure construction, improve production conditions, enhance productive capacity, can further strengthen agriculture as the foundation of Gansu Province to speed up agricultural and rural economic development pace for the development of Gansu's economy and narrow the gap between east and west to create the 2 is the development of characteristic agriculture in Gansu Province strategic adjustment of agricultural structure of the main direction of The use of Gansu Province, rich in agricultural resources, in line with local conditions and characteristics of agricultural and industrial development, nurturing characteristics with the western industrial belt of agricultural and industrial groups, agricultural resources can achieve a multi-level, multi-channel development and utilization to meet the diversification and high quality market demand is conducive to opening up new market space, Gansu Province, to promote the agricultural structure optimization and Gansu, the main features of the development potential of agricultural products and market demand analysis From the distribution of agricultural products and market demand, both in terms of Gansu Province, with resources and potential for development of agricultural resources are mainly concentrated in the food, medicinal herbs, fruit and livestock products 1, food In 2002 the province's grain sown area of 3943 mu, 83 million tons grain Between regions in food production that there are clear regional differences, good natural conditions in the plain areas and to take intensive intensive methods of production inputs are also relatively large, thus the per capita grain output was significantly higher than other Per capita food expenditure from the situation, the year the total income per capita grain 92 kilograms, 24 kilograms of total Main per capita consumption of 45 kilograms of grain (including 89 kilograms of wheat, representing the main food consumed 37%), 75 kilograms of grain feed, 72 kilograms of seed Help Gansu food consumption is still in a state of equilibrium tightness, food as the mainstay of rural food consumption status has not been any big With the gradual deepening of reform and opening-up and join the WTO, the current international market prices tend to decline, while China's grain production costs are generally upward The short term a significant increase in land productivity may be low, China's comparative advantage in grain production continued to In addition China's wheat import market of the United States and European Union countries in the Uruguay Round negotiations, reached an agreement to reduce subsidies, which means that China can no longer own the market of imports from these relatively low over the past price of wheat to China to take measures to raise the level of food self-sufficiency and reduce food As the grain in Gansu Province larger share of agricultural products, the impact of lower prices to become the province's agricultural prices decline in the overall level of the main 2, economic crops In the economic crops, the potential for greater processing Chinese herbal medicines, medicinal herbs market in the country occupies a pivotal role, medicines rough year more than 11,000 tons, 3270 tons of proprietary Chinese Five Angelica is in Gansu Province is the largest varieties of medicinal herbs, over the years has been in a tight pin, and annual production of more than 4 thousand tons, the volume of 27,300 tons of goods, export volume of 1509 At present, the formation of their own as the mainstay of rural Danggui market Minxian Xiguan, Meichuan, Dangchang hada Shop, of the rationale for Sichuan, Zhangxian Chengguan, Ishikawa, Weiyuan Kawasaki, will be over These markets with other medicines markets outside the network for the promotion of medicines in circulation has played an important Changium Gansu Province is the second largest varieties of medicinal herbs, annual output of more than 14,000 tons, the volume of more than 13,000 tons of goods, with its output accounting for about 70 percent of national output, of which the principal export Radix Hedysari is unique to Chinese herbal medicines in Gansu, the main export to T Rhubarb and liquorice market demand, lack of sales production, prices, market Traditional Chinese Medicine in Gansu Province is the main pharmaceutical products in 2002, the sown area of Gansu Province, 199 million mu of Chinese herbal medicines, the total output 305,800 tons, the annual industrial output value of Chinese medicine to 4 billion yuan, accounting for all the Chinese medicine industry to 40 Medicine more prominent structural contradictions in the economy, small and scattered industrial enterprises, commercial enterprises in Gansu medicine abuse is a significant Most of medicine resources on the supply of raw materials or primary products market, value-added processing and great Gansu medicine market capacity of 20 billion yuan, but in Gansu local market consumption of only 6 million yuan, the market References: 1, "on the characteristics of the western region to speed up the views of agricultural development," the Ministry of Agriculture 12 2, Zhu Xing BAI "developing the western region - agriculture, rural areas and farmers," Economics and Management Press 7 3, reference is LiuXinmao weeks "loess ground green hope" Lanzhou University Press 1 中文大意如下 调整农业产业结构，加快西部地区特色农业的发展 【论文摘要】实施西部大开发战略和农业结构战略性调整，为发展甘省特色农业提供了有利的机遇和广阔的空间，本文从分析甘肃省实施特色农业的重要性和主要特色农产品的市场潜力入手，了解甘肃省特色农业的生产特点，提出了甘肃省实施特色农业的对策与建议。 【关键词】西部 特色农业 甘肃省位于中国的西部，是一片广阔的地域，是被国家划入西部大开发概念的12个省市自治区之一，严重的水土流失、土地荒漠化加剧、水资源短缺、植被破坏、森林草原退化是甘肃省面临的主要生态环境问题，工业污染成为城市发展经济的后遗症。甘肃省脆弱的生态环境不仅阻碍区域经济的进一步发展，而且已经成为未来生存环境的重大隐患。这一切问题都有其症结所在：历史上长期的生产力水平低下与生态脆弱互为因果；“过分强调粮食自给”的发展模式导致森林破坏和水土流失；经济建设不遵循生态环境规律，生态建设科技支撑能力薄弱；制度上条块分割，使生态环境保护和建设各项措施难以落实。特色农业是指具有独特的资源条件、明显的区域特征、特殊的产品品质和特定的消费市场的农业产业。甘肃省地域辽阔，光、热、水、土资源丰富，物种资源多样，具有发展特色农业的优势和潜力。经过多年的发展，甘肃省特色农业已有一定的基础。实施西部大开发战略和农业结构战略性调整，为发展甘肃省特色农业提供了有利的机遇和广阔的空间。当前，要抓住机遇，明确思路，突出重点，制定措施，加快甘肃省特色农业发展 1、发展甘肃省特色农业的重要性 1发展特色农业是实施西部大开发战略的重点任务。 农业是西部大开发的基础和重要组成部分。特色农业是西部农业开发的重点。通过发展特色农业，加强基础设施建设，改善生产条件，提高生产能力，可以进一步加强农业基础地位，加快甘肃省农业和农村经济发展步伐，为发展甘肃经济和缩小东西部差距创造条件。 2发展特色农业是甘肃省农业结构战略性调整的主攻方向。 利用甘肃省丰富的农业资源，因地制宜地发展特色农产品和产业，培育具有西部特色的农业产业带和产业群，可以实现农业资源多层次、多途径的开发利用，满足多样化、优质化的市场需求，有利于开辟新的市场空间，促进甘肃省农业结构的优化和升级。 甘肃主要特色农产品的开发潜力及市场需求分析 从农产品分布特点和市场需求两方面来看，甘肃省具有资源优势和开发潜力的农产品资源主要集中在粮食、药材、果品和畜产品上。 1、粮食作物 2002年全省粮食播种面积3943万亩，粮食总产量783万吨。区域之间在粮食生产上存在着明显的地区差异，平原地区自然条件好，并采取集约化的精耕细作方式，生产性投入也比较大，因而人均粮食产量明显高于其它地区。从人均粮食收支情况看，年内人均粮食收入合计92公斤，支出合计24公斤。人均主食用粮45公斤(其中小麦89公斤，占主食用粮的37%)，饲料用粮75公斤，种籽用粮72公斤。说明甘肃粮食消费仍处于紧度平衡状态，粮食作为农村食品消费的主体地位没有什么大的变化。 随着改革开放的逐步深入及加入WTO，目前国际市场上粮价趋于下降，而我国粮食生产成本总体上则呈上升趋势。短期内土地生产率大幅度提高的可能不大，我国粮食生产的比较优势仍在下降。此外中国小麦进口市场的美国和欧盟各国在乌拉圭回合谈判中达成消减补贴的协议，这意味着中国己不可能再从这些市场上进口过去价格相对较低的小麦，促使中国采取措施提高粮食自给水平，减少粮食进口。由于粮食在甘肃省农产品中所占比重较大，其价格下降成为影响全省农产品价格总水平下降的主要因素。 2、经济作物 在经济作物中，中药材加工潜力较大，在全国药材市场中占有举足轻重的作用，药材年粗加工1．1万多吨，中成药3270吨。五种大宗地道中药材。当归是甘肃省药材的第一大品种，多年来一直处于紧销状态，年产量达84万多吨，商品量73万吨，出口量1509吨。目前己形成以当归为主体的农村市场有岷县西关、梅川，宕昌哈达铺、理川，漳县城关、石川，渭源会川等十多个。这些市场同省外其它药材市场形成了网络，对于促进药材流通起到了重要的作用。党参是甘肃省药材第二大品种，年产4万多吨，商品量3万多吨，其产量约占全国总产量的70%，其中纹当主要提供出口。红芪是甘肃特有的中药材，主要出口台湾。大黄和甘草市场需求量大，产不足销，价格上升，市场前景看好。 中药是甘肃省医药产品的主力，2002年甘肃省中药材播种面积199万亩，总产量58万吨，年中药工业产值达到4亿元，占到全部医药工业的40％。医药经济结构性矛盾比较突出，工业企业小而散、商业企业多而滥是甘肃医药的一个显著特征。大部分药材资源是以原材料或初级产品供应市场，加工增值潜力大。甘肃药材市场容量在20亿元以上，但甘肃本地产品市场的消费量只有6亿多元，市场需求量大。 参考文献： 1、《关于加快西部地区特色农业发展的意见》 农业部 12 2、朱文兴 白明 《西部大开发――农业、农村、农民》 经济管理出版社 7 3、刘兴茂 周述实 《黄土地上的绿色希望》 兰州大学出版社 1
这是《科学美国人》杂志上的《PLASTICS GET WIRED》Like many technological advances, the innovations in the field ofconducting polymers began by While attempting tomake an organic polymer called polyacetylene in the early1970s, Hideki Shirakawa of the Tokyo Institute of Technology mistakenlyadded 1,000 times more catalyst than the recipe called What he producedwas a lustrous, silvery film that resembled aluminum foil butstretched like Saran Wrap—something that sounds more like a new andimproved way to keep leftovers fresh than a potential breakthrough inmaterials The substance appeared so unusual that when Alan G MacDiarmidspied it, he wondered if it would be a candidate for his goal of making“synthetic metals”—nonmetallic substances that could transmit In 1977 Shirakawa joined MacDiarmid and Alan J Heeger in their laboratoryat the University of Pennsylvania to investigate this form of After mixing in some iodine, the group found that the material’sconductivity subsequently jumped by a factor of several Durable, cheap, manufacturable and flexible, conducting polymers inspiredvisions of a future of transparent circuits, artificial muscle and electronicdisplays that conveniently roll up under the Researchers haveauditioned various demonstration devices, including components thatcould be useful for new displays, such as plastic transistors and light-emittingdiodes (LEDs) Although such a future is about as dreamy as it gets,many investigators see broad marketing opportunities possible now—inantistatic coatings, electromagnetic shielding, lights for toys and microwaveovens, among Perhaps mundane, such applications are nonethelesspromising enough that universities are collaborating with corporations,and scientists have initiated start-Although the pace of technological innovation has been impressivelybrisk, whether the materials will have an effect on commerce remains Firms are unlikely to invest in new equipment if the devices performonly marginally better than existing Polymer-based batteries,for instance, have a longer shelf life than do conventional ones, but theyhave penetrated the market in only a limited Flat-panel displays andLEDs made of organic substances face entrenched competition from existinginorganic liquid crystals and Still, optimism pervades the Because plastic and electrical deviceshave become integral parts of the modern world, researchers are confidentthat at least some profitable uses will Conducting polymers constitutea radically novel market area, points out Ray H Baughman of Allied-Signal in Morristown, NJ, who predicts confidently, “Fortunes aregoing to be ”Polymers, the constituents of familiar plastic materials and syntheticfibers, are large organic molecules built out of smaller ones linked togetherin a long Generally, they are insulators, because their moleculeshave no free electrons for carrying To make these substances conductive,workers exploit a technique familiar to the semiconducting industry:doping, or adding atoms with interesting electronic Theadded atoms either give up some of their spare electrons to the polymerbonds or grab some electrons from the bonds (and thereby contribute positivecharges called holes) In either case, the chain becomes electrically Applying a voltage can then send electrons scampering over thelength of the 《MICROPROCESSORS IN 2020》Unlike many other technologies that fed our imaginationsand then faded away, the computer hastransformed our There can be little doubtthat it will continue to do so for many decades to Theengine driving this ongoing revolution is the microprocessor,the sliver of silicon that has led to countless inventions, suchas portable computers and fax machines, and has added intelligenceto modern automobiles and Astonishingly,the performance of microprocessors has improved25,000 times over since their invention only 27 years I have been asked to describe the microprocessor of Such predictions in my opinion tend to overstate the worthof radical, new computing Hence, I boldly predictthat changes will be evolutionary in nature, and not Even so, if the microprocessor continues to improveat its current rate, I cannot help but suggest that 25 yearsfrom now these chips will empower revolutionary software tocompute wonderful 《HOW THE SUPERTRANSISTORWORKS》Although it is rarely acknowledged,not one but two distinctelectronic revolutionswere set in motion by the invention ofthe transistor 50 years ago at Bell TelephoneL The better knownof the two has as its hallmark the trendtoward This revolutionwas fundamentally transformed in thelate 1950s, when Robert N Noyce andJack Kilby separately invented the integratedcircuit, in which multiple transistorsare fabricated within a single chipmade up of layers of a Years of this miniaturizationtrend have led to fingernail-size sliversof silicon containing millions of transistors,each measuring a few microns andconsuming perhaps a millionth of a wattin 如果需要更多跟我联系，我有pdf版的资料。
求一份英文字符20000左右的电子科技类的文章最好是word发到谢谢
From size, it usually generate significant changes in chemical and physical properties of small particle size in 1 microns (note 1 m = 100 centimeters, 1 centimeter = 10,000 microns, 1 micron = 10 nanometers, 1 nano = 10 ella), namely below 100 Therefore, particle size in 1 ~ 100 nanometer particles called ultra fime grain materials, is also a kind of nanometer Nano metal material is the middle of 1980s, then the successful development of field contains nano semiconducting film, nano ceramic, nano CiXing materials and nano biomedical Nanoscale structure material referred to as the nanometer material (nano material), is to show its structure unit size between 1 nano ~ 100 nanometer range Because of its size is close to electronic coherence length, and its nature because strong coherent brings the self-organization makes properties change And, its scale has come close to the wavelength of light, plus its surface with large special effect, thus its display properties, such as melting point, magnetic, optical, heat conductivity, conductive properties etc, often is different from the substance in overall state behavior of Nanoparticles material called utrasmall particle materials from the nanoparticles (nano distinguish) Nanoparticles also called utrasmall particle size, generally means within 1 ~ 100nm between particles, is in atom clusters and macro objects at the junction of the transition region, from the macro and micro usually on the viewpoint, this system not only atypical microscopic system also atypical macroscopic systems, is a kind of typical mesoscopic system, has the surface effect, small size effect and the macroscopic quantum tunneling When people put the macro object subdivided into utrasmall particle (nanometer level), it will display a lot of exotic characteristics, namely its optical, heat, electricity, magnetic, mechanical and chemical properties of solid and bulky than when there will be significant Nanotechnology generalized range including nano materials technology and nano machining technology, nano measurement technology, nano application technology, One nanometer material technology focuses on nano functional material production (superfine powder, coating, nano modified materials etc), performance testing technology (chemical composition, microstructure and surface morphology and geophysical, geochemical and electric, magnetic and optical properties, such as heat and) Nano machining technology contains precision machining technology (energy beam machining, etc) and scanning probe Nanomaterials has certain uniqueness, when matter scale small to certain degree, then have to switch to quantum mechanics to replace traditional mechanical view to describe its behavior, when powder particles size by 10 micron drop to 10 nano, its size is changed for 1,000 times, but converted volume is ten nine 4k times the giant, so both behavior will generate obvious Nanoparticles are different from large physical reason is in the surface area of the relative increase, namely utrasmall particle surface was full of ladder shape structure, the structure with high surface can represent the unrest This kind of atomic extremely easily with foreign atomic adsorption of bonding, at the same time because narrow particle size and provides large surface activity of It is melting point, nano powder due to each particle constituent atoms less, surface atomic in instability, make its surface lattice vibration amplitude of the bigger, so has the high surface energy, causing utrasmall particle unique thermal property, also is caused by melting down, as nano powder will than traditional powder easy in low temperature sintering and become good sintering promote materials从尺寸大小来说，通常产生物理化学性质显著变化的细小微粒的尺寸在1微米以下（注1米＝100厘米，1厘米＝10000微米，1微米＝1000纳米，1纳米＝10埃），即100纳米以下。因此，颗粒尺寸在1～100纳米的微粒称为超微粒材料，也是一种纳米材料。 纳米金属材料是20世纪80年代中期研制成功的，后来相继问世的有纳米半导体薄膜、纳米陶瓷、纳米瓷性材料和纳米生物医学材料等。 纳米级结构材料简称为纳米材料(nano material)，是指其结构单元的尺寸介于1纳米～100纳米范围之间。由于它的尺寸已经接近电子的相干长度，它的性质因为强相干所带来的自组织使得性质发生很大变化。并且，其尺度已接近光的波长，加上其具有大表面的特殊效应，因此其所表现的特性，例如熔点、磁性、光学、导热、导电特性等等，往往不同于该物质在整体状态时所表现的性质。 纳米颗粒材料又称为超微颗粒材料，由纳米粒子(nano particle)组成。纳米粒子也叫超微颗粒，一般是指尺寸在1～100nm间的粒子，是处在原子簇和宏观物体交界的过渡区域，从通常的关于微观和宏观的观点看，这样的系统既非典型的微观系统亦非典型的宏观系统，是一种典型的介观系统，它具有表面效应、小尺寸效应和宏观量子隧道效应。当人们将宏观物体细分成超微颗粒（纳米级）后，它将显示出许多奇异的特性，即它的光学、热学、电学、磁学、力学以及化学方面的性质和大块固体时相比将会有显著的不同。 纳米技术的广义范围可包括纳米材料技术及纳米加工技术、纳米测量技术、纳米应用技术等方面。其中纳米材料技术着重于纳米功能性材料的生产（超微粉、镀膜、纳米改性材料等），性能检测技术（化学组成、微结构、表面形态、物、化、电、磁、热及光学等性能）。纳米加工技术包含精密加工技术（能量束加工等）及扫描探针技术。 纳米材料具有一定的独特性，当物质尺度小到一定程度时，则必须改用量子力学取代传统力学的观点来描述它的行为，当粉末粒子尺寸由10微米降至10纳米时，其粒径虽改变为1000倍，但换算成体积时则将有10的9次方倍之巨，所以二者行为上将产生明显的差异。 纳米粒子异于大块物质的理由是在其表面积相对增大，也就是超微粒子的表面布满了阶梯状结构，此结构代表具有高表面能的不安定原子。这类原子极易与外来原子吸附键结，同时因粒径缩小而提供了大表面的活性原子。 就熔点来说，纳米粉末中由于每一粒子组成原子少，表面原子处于不安定状态，使其表面晶格震动的振幅较大，所以具有较高的表面能量，造成超微粒子特有的热性质，也就是造成熔点下降，同时纳米粉末将比传统粉末容易在较低温度烧结，而成为良好的烧结促进材料。 一般常见的磁性物质均属多磁区之集合体，当粒子尺寸小至无法区分出其磁区时，即形成单磁区之磁性物质。因此磁性材料制作成超微粒子或薄膜时，将成为优异的磁性材料。 纳米粒子的粒径（10纳米～100纳米）小于光波的长，因此将与入射光产生复杂的交互作用。金属在适当的蒸发沉积条件下，可得到易吸收光的黑色金属超微粒子，称为金属黑，这与金属在真空镀膜形成高反射率光泽面成强烈对比。纳米材料因其光吸收率大的特色，可应用于红外线感测器材料。 纳米技术在世界各国尚处于萌芽阶段，美、日、德等少数国家，虽然已经初具基础，但是尚在研究之中，新理论和技术的出现仍然方兴未艾。我国已努力赶上先进国家水平，研究队伍也在日渐壮大。
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