[18] Pregnant women who smoke can pass nicotine and carbon monoxide to their baby through the placenta. Research indicates this can prevent the baby from getting the oxygen and nutrients it needs to grow-
The characteristics of placental transfer and tissue concentrations of nickel in late gestational rats and fetuses. Placenta 2011; 32:277-282. SCI侯一平. A型ボツリヌス毒素の作用メカニズム及び临床応用. ; 中国?