太阳能学报英文有没有字数要求

这个期刊级别虽然有点高，但是很无耻的，预审就是审格式，如果进一步就要交钱的，后期随便给个不收录的意见，恶心死啦！

美赛没有要求写多少字，但要求不超过25页 美赛官方说明里面只提到字号不小于12pt，没有提到字体的问题。历年O奖论文什么字体字号都有，排版各有风格，我觉得吧这可能只能说明人家内容好到让评委忽略了排版。英文数学论文一般采用的字号是Times New Roman，11pt或者12pt。我用LaTeX试着排了几篇论文，感觉12pt还是太大了。由于没有规范标准，我只说一下，我自己今年打算用Times New Roman，11pt，包括数学公式和附录。

需要写英文摘要，九月份刚投过一篇

化石能源和核能被认为是不可再生能源 类型。不可再生能源的来源，得到的速率超过 的速度的来源补充。例如，如果生源 起源的化石燃料是正确的，我们可以考虑化石燃料的可再生能源 经过一段几百万年的时间，但现有的商店是化石燃料 被消耗了一段百年。因为我们是消费 化石燃料的速度超过了补充率，我们认为 化石燃料的不可再生。类似的评论适用于核燃料等 铀，因为我们观察在以后的章节。太阳能被认为是 可再生能源用于下列1 可再生能源是能源的来源获得的速度小于 大于或等于速度源补充。如 太阳能，我们可以只使用的能源总量提供的 太阳。因为剩下的寿命测量太阳百万 多年来，许多人认为太阳能取之不尽的 能源。事实上，太阳能来自太阳是有限的，但应当提供 使用的许多代人。太阳能因此认为 可再生能源。能源相关的太阳能，如 风能和生物物质，也被视为可再生能源。 太阳辐射可能会转化为其他形式的能源由几个 转换过程。热转换依靠吸收太阳能 能源热酷表面。生物转化的太阳能依赖 光合作用。光电转换产生电力的 产生电流由于量子力学 进程。风力发电和海洋能源转换依靠大气 压力梯度和海洋温度梯度产生电 力量。在这一章中，我们侧重于热We第一次讨论 来源可获得太阳能，然后考虑太阳能技术 在两年的三种形式：被动式太阳能，以及太阳活动。第三形式 太阳能，太阳能发电，是讨论在下一章。我们结束这一 本章讨论的太阳能发电厂。Fossil energy and nuclear energy are considered nonrenewable Nonrenewable energy is obtained from sources at a rate that exceedsthe rate at which the sources are For example, if the biogenicorigin of fossil fuels is correct, we could consider fossil fuels renewableover a period of millions of years, but the existing store of fossil fuels isbeing consumed over a period of Because we are consumingfossil fuels at a rate that exceeds the rate of replenishment, we considerfossil fuels Similar comments apply to nuclear fuels suchas uranium, as we observe in later Solar energy is considereda renewable energy for the following 1Renewable energy is energy obtained from sources at a rate that is lessthan or equal to the rate at which the source is In the caseof solar energy, we can use only the amount of energy provided by Because the remaining lifetime of the sun is measured in millionsof years, many people consider solar energy an inexhaustible supply In fact, solar energy from the sun is finite, but should be availablefor use by many generations of Solar energy is therefore Energy sources that are associated with solar energy, such aswind and biomass, are also considered Solar radiation may be converted to other forms of energy by severalconversion Thermal conversion relies on the absorption of solarenergy to heat a cool Biological conversion of solar energy relieson Photovoltaic conversion generates electrical power bythe generation of an electrical current as a result of a quantum Wind power and ocean energy conversion rely on atmosphericpressure gradients and oceanic temperature gradients to generate In this chapter we focus on thermal We first discuss thesource of available solar energy, and then consider solar energy technologyin two of its three forms: passive solar, and active The third form ofsolar energy, solar electric, is discussed in the next We end thischapter with a discussion of solar power Fossil fuels in the petroleum and natural gas is the world's major one-time energy World Energy Council, according to statistics, has proven oil and gas recoverable reserves, according to the output of countries in 1992 terms, respectively, only the exploitation of 44 years and 60 years; although they may be recoverable reserves there will be new discoveries, but also the growth needs of the community, especially taking into account the economic development of Third World countries, the exploitation of oil and gas fuel for a long In fossil fuels, although the most abundant coal reserves, but the serious pollution caused by coal-fired so that it can not become large the major source of energy On the other hand, nuclear fusion reactions can provide clean energy, in the ocean contains about 42 trillion tons of the major nuclear fusion of deuterium-reactive substances; fusion reactor but it is very difficult to study, it is estimated that the next century to the late nuclear poly substation be possible to achieve widespread Therefore, in the 21st century, the prospects for energy, you may have to face the depletion of oil and gas resources, the commercialization of fusion power failure during the period of temporary shortage of such During this period in order to ensure sufficient human clean energy supply, use of solar energy for power generation is an inevitable Solar energy is the most important renewable sources of energy, the planet with all kinds of energy are closely In fact, the sun in Earth's evolution, biological reproduction and human development, plays a very important role, but also provides a human inexhaustible source of Solar interior ongoing response to the release of a high-temperature nuclear fusion power of about 8 × 1026 watts of huge radiation, of which only arrived in regard to the atmospheric level二十亿分之一; through the atmosphere, about 30% reflected, 23% be absorbed, only half (approximately 8 × 1016 watts) of energy reaching the earth's Even so, as long as they can make use of the very few, will be able to meet all the needs of humanity However, due to its low energy density, but also by the day and night, seasons, climate, location and other factors, on the ground by the use of solar energy to power a lot of In order to avoid these shortcomings, natural to consider the use of solar power in space of the feasibility of the Power generation in 2010 is expected to the practical use of space Space Solar Power is the first way of Engineers first proposed by P G The basic idea is in the earth's outer space or the moon to establish a base of solar power satellites, and then through the microwave energy transmitted to the scene to the receiving device, and then beam microwave energy into electrical energy for human Advantage of this program is to make full use of solar energy outside the atmosphere, the elimination of solar energy in the ground, changes in the density of small and large shortcomings, without a huge energy storage device, not only to reduce the square, but also save a lot of equipment It can be expected, with the photoelectric conversion materials and delivery areas such as technology, space solar power generation costs will be greatly The idea is proposed, subject to national 1977 -1980 in the United States Department of Energy and NASA organizations to the concept of space solar power study, believe that its implementation does not exist insurmountable technical At that time, a design known as the "reference system" of power generation systems; from 60 to solar panels, each block 10 kilometers long, five kilometers wide, generating 5,000,000 kilowatts, with a total capacity of 300 million With such a power generation satellites, the United States will be able to replace all of the ground As the system is too large, about 3,000 of the money to invest 100 billion US dollars, at that time under the conditions of the Cold War can hardly be With the energy of all the outstanding progress in space technology in 1995, NASA set up a study group to re-examine this issue, a more comprehensive analysis of space solar power generation technical and economic feasibility of the program also are very different: adopted a progressive self-development model, that is, the first 100-150 to launch a 100 million US dollars investment for 250,000 kilowatts of power satellites, the sale of Electricity in order to recover their investment and profit, and then expand the scale of power generation The research group estimates that after 2010, space power will be At present, a number of other countries and international organizations, space solar power generation is also carried out 化石燃料中的石油天然气是当今世界的主要一次性能源据世界能源委员会统计，已探明的石油、天然气可采储量，按 1992 年各国的产量计算，分别只能开采 44 年和 60 年；虽然可采储量还会有新的发现，但社会需求也有增长，特别是考虑到第三世界国家的经济发展，油气燃料可供开采的时间不会很长。在化石燃料中，尽管煤炭的储量最为丰富，但燃煤造成的严重污染使其大不可能成为世界范围的主要能源。另一方面，核聚变反应可提供清洁的能源，在海洋中蕴藏着约 42 万亿吨核聚变的主要反应物质氘；但核聚变堆研究的难度很大，估计要到下一世纪后期核聚变电站广泛出现才有可能实现商品化。因此， 在展望 21 世纪能源问题的前景时，可能不得不对油气资源面临枯竭、核聚变发电又未能商品化的一段青黄不接时期。为保证这一时期内人类有充足的清洁能源供应，利用太阳能来发电是一种必然的选择 。 太阳能是最重要的可再生能源，地球上各种能源无不与之密切相关。事实上，太阳在地球的演化、生物的繁衍和人类的发展中，起了无比重要的作用，也为人类提供了取之不尽的能源。太阳内部不断进行的高温核聚变反应释放着功率约为 8 × 1026 瓦的巨大辐射能，其中只有二十亿分之一到达至于大气高层；经过大气时，约 30% 被反射， 23% 被吸收，仅有一半（约 8 × 1016 瓦）的能量到达地球表面。即使如此，只要能够利用其万分之几，便可满足今日人类的全部需要。但是，由于其能量密度低，还要受昼夜、季节、气候、地点等因素的影响，在地面上利用太阳能来发电受到很大限制。为了避免这些缺点，自然要考虑在空间利用太阳能发电的可能性各可行性。 2010 年空间发电可望实用化 空间太阳能发电方式最初是 美国工程师 PGlaser 首先提出的。其基本构想是在地球的外层空间或月球上建立太阳能卫星发电基地，然后通过微波将电能传输到场面的接收装置，再把微波能束转变成电能供人类使用 。这一方案的优点是在大气层外充分利用太阳能，消除了在地面上太阳能密度小而变化大的缺点，无需庞大的储能装置，既减少占地，又节约大量设备投资。可以预计，随着光电转化材料和运载等方面技术的进步，太阳能空间发电的成本将大大降低。 这一设想提出后，受到了各国的重视。 1977 年 —1980 年美国能源部和航天航空局组织对空间太阳发电的概念进行研究，认为其实施不存在不可克服的技术困难。当时设计了一种称为“参考系”的发电系统；由 60 地太阳能面板组成，每块长 10 公里，宽 5 公里，发电 500 万千瓦，总发电量为 3 亿千瓦。用这样一颗发电卫星，便可取代美国所有的地面电站。由于该系统过于庞大，约需 3000 千亿美元的巨资投资，在当时冷战的条件下难以得到支持。随着能源问题的突出各航天技术的进步， 1995 年美国航天航空局成立研究组，重新审视这一问题，较全面地分析了空间太阳能发电的技术经济可行性，在方案上也有很大不同：采用渐进的自我发展模式，即先发射一颗投资为 100—150 亿美元的 25 万千瓦发电卫星，出售电力以回收投资并获取利润，然后再扩大发电卫星的规模。该研究组估计， 2010 年以后，空间发电将实用化。目前，其他一些国家和国际组织也在进行太阳能空间发电方面的工作。