英文法律论文范例

民事上诉状-司法制度论文-司法制度论文民事上诉状上诉人xx县xx农村信用合作社。住所地：xx县xx镇xx村。法定代表人田xx，主任。被上诉人丁xx，女，汉族，196x年7月15日出生，住xx县xx镇xxx村。上诉请求：1、撤销（200x）x经初字第1025号民事判决书并依法改判；2、判令被上诉人立即偿还拖欠上诉人的借款本金4500元、利息1552元（利息按日万分之三顺延至实际还款之日）；3、本案一二审诉讼费用由被上诉人承担。上诉人不服xx县人民法院（200x）x经初字第1025号民事判决，特提出上诉，具体事实与理由如下：一、原判决认定事实错误一审判决确认“1992年1月13日，被告丁xx在原告处借款4500元，办理了农业贷款明细帐和贷款合同为一体的贷款手续，在贷款手续上加盖了丁巧玲印章”，但其判决理由却认定“原告未按照规定，办理合法的借款手续”，其事实认定与判决理由互相矛盾。贷款合同虽然条款简单，但其已经构成合法有效的合同，而不能仅仅依据条款简单就认为未办理合法借款手续，正如保证合同可以是独立的一个合同，也可以是主合同中的一个保证条款，我们不能说保证条款内容简单而否认保证合同的合法性，同样不能以贷款合同条款简单而否认贷款手续的合法性。 本文由毕业论文范文编辑整理,版权所有,转载请注明出处。 二、被上诉人提供的证据不应当被采纳根据最高人民法院关于民事证据若干规定，人民法院在送达应诉通知书时必须向被告送达举证通知书，并指定举证期限，本案中不存在双方协商确定举证期限的情形，只有法院指定的举证期限，根据宝丰县人民法院的制式举证通知书，法院指定的举证期限统一为30日，被上诉人在庭审中提供的证据明显超过了举证期限，根据证据规则，超过举证期限提供的证据除对方当事人同意之证外，不能作为定案依据。本案中，要么被上诉人超过举证期限，要么一审法院未送达举证通知书，违反了法定程序。本案所涉贷款合同的签订日期为1992年1月13日，而被上诉人提供的为1993年度信用社使用的贷款手续，上诉人在1992年发放贷款时不可能使用1993年的合同格式，因此该证据与案件事实没有关联性，不能作为定案依据。三、该笔借款事实清楚，被上诉人应当承担还本付息义务上诉人一审提供的证据明确记载，被上诉人于2000年9月15日清偿10元的利息，该记载在证据上能够免除被上诉人这部分利息的履行义务，属于对上诉人不利的证据，上诉人提供不利于自身的证据，该证据的效力无庸置疑。如果上诉人未向被上诉人发放贷款，那么被上诉人是不会履行清偿利息义务的，被上诉人清偿利息的行为充分证明了上诉人已经按照贷款合同约定全面履行了付款义务，因此被上诉人应当承担还本付息义务。 毕业论文范文,免费毕业论文大全。综上所述，一审法院认定事实不清，从而导致错判，请求贵院依法撤销原判，改判被上诉人承担还本付息义务，维护上诉人的合法权益！此致xxx市中级人民法院上诉人xx县xx农村信用合作社二○○x年十二月十八日

世界上有两大法系:大陆法系和英美法系。中国大陆采用的是大陆法系，美国采用的是英美法系，因而中美法律差异就表现在两大法系的差异上。　　两大法系的主要差异有：　　第 一，法律渊源不同。大陆法系是成文法系，其法律以成文法即制定法的方式存在，它的法律渊源包括立法机关制定的各种规范性法律文件、行政机关颁布的各种行政 法规以及本车参加的国际条约，但不包括司法判例。英美法系的法律渊源既包括各种制定法，也包括判例，而且，判例所构成的判例法在整个法律体系中占有非常重 要的地位。　　第二，法律结构不同。大陆法系承袭古代罗马法的传统，习惯于用法典的形式对某一法律部门所饮食的规范做统一的系统规定，法典构成 了法律体系结构的主干。英美法系很少制定法典，习惯用单行法的形式对某一类问题做专门的规定，因而，其法律体系在结构上是以单行法和判例法为主干而发燕尾 服起来的。　　第三，法官的权限不同。大陆法系强调法官只能援用成文法中的规定来审判案件，法官对成文法的解释也需受成文法本身的严格限制，故 法官只能适用法律而不能创造法律。英美法系的法官既可以援用成文法也可以援用已有的判例来审判案件，而且，也可以在一定的条件下运用法律解释和法律推理的 技术创造新的判例，从而，法官不仅适用法律，也在一定的范围内创造法律。　　第四，诉讼程序不同。大陆法系的诉讼程序以法官为重心，突出法官职 能，具有纠问程序的特点，而且，多由法官和陪审员共同组成法庭来审判案件。英美法系的诉讼程序以原告、被告及其辩护人和代理人为重心，法官只是双方争论的 “仲裁人”而不能参与争论，与这种对抗式（也称抗辩式）程序同时存在的是陪审团制度，陪审团主要负责做出事实上的结论和法律上的基本结论（如有罪或无罪），法官负责做出法律上的具体结论，即判决。此外，两大法系在法律分类、法律术语、法学教育、司法人员录用和司法体制等方面，也有许多不同之处。

The theory of criminal law of shallow understanding irrtumslehreLegal irrtumslehre, namely, refers to the illegality mistake for own behavior in law, whether what crime constitutes a crime shall be punished by, or what is wrong, is to oneself the legal nature of the action of meaning or Legal irrtumslehre usually includes three conditions: (1) the actor's behavior in law does not constitute a crime, the offender and constitutes a crime for which imaginary guilty, (2) the behavior in law constitutes a crime and does not constitute a crime, the offender mistaken assumptions that innocent, (3) for his act constitutes a crime shall be convicted and punishment in light of the existing errors, misunderstanding or Due to the legal irrtumslehre, only to the behavior of the offender is not correct understanding of the legal assessment, and for their actions in fact correct understanding of the situation is still there, so its act constitutes a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility is and how it is not usually （1）Imaginary innocent treatment principleThe principles for imaginary innocence, whether it involves a deliberately Foreign criminal law theory basically has the following kinds:1）Should know that don't speak, just for criminal facts have Canada criminal code article 19 regulation: "the ignorance of the law excuses and crime can be ShuZui " Motto: "Roman law and legal disclaimer" somehow also expressed a principle, namely: "in the crime as subjective FanYi established condition, not request to recognize his behavior of richtswitrig"2）Should know the reason, according to two: moral responsibility theory, personality responsibility Moral responsibility theory emphasizes on the rationality of free will blame illegal conduct, is considered to be objective 3）That said, the possible illegality of responsibility for deliberately, at least to the possibility of understanding While in China mainland, the introduction of the concept of crime has another concept -- social consciousness that harm to discuss richtswitrig already Because the deliberate crime according to law condemn the illegality of the offender is not known, the law itself is not damaged, the law of the social consciousness is Social harm consciousness is the essential contents of the crime, illegal consciousness is the legal form of social Therefore, our country law more emphasis is on the rationality of essence, which is harmful to the society Just because of its social harmfulness, with a social moral evaluation colour, easier for people to grasp and Therefore, the author thinks that, in general, the person need to recognize his behavior may be the result of inevitable or harmful to the society, and has already With intentionally But in fact, the forbidden by law and mass that is harmful to the society in our country nowadays the behavior under the constitution should be consistent, in other words, know the social harmfulness also know the possibility of illegal, but know the possibility of illegal is inevitable should also realize social harmfulness, both are Therefore, it is generally thought that the law is no excuse, the reason of law does not exclude the misunderstanding in principle, but can be culpable for deliberately （2） Misunderstandings treatment PunishmentWe might as well so the essence of blame for his due: the crime in the subjective should blame or blame, for the intent or negligence If the offender because of misunderstanding that legal person feels very innocent, lack of this should blame or condemning sexual, from the fundamental measure, blame is absolutely not consider Especially in the modern society, the legal category SAN marino, legal entry in different fields and different levels of books, recognized, comprehend legal apparently endless and same, so the person of law and misunderstandings, not Now, both in theory and practice, the method not cling to forgive "seems to have in Therefore, to a certain extent, can also think admits exceptions excusable is legal misunderstanding of criminal law is an important symbol of In addition, it was not in the act of which is prohibited by the laws and regulations, especially after a circumstance, should have knowledge of richtswitrig actor, constitute the understanding of deliberate point of view, with the attitude of this understanding, of course, that is not the illegality or by the simple statement The author thinks that the only when the legal establishment of may, FangKeZu but The fact mistakeThat mistake, is to determine its subjective behavior nature and the criminal responsibility of the relevant facts wrong From the wrong reasons and phenomenon of angles, generally known that there are several mistakes:（1） Object irrtumslehreThe object is known for errors, whether there is objectively error It includes actor in the implementation of the existing criminal behavior of the hazards for the object and actually does not exist, or for criminal object and actually does not exist, or infringe a criminal object and actually invaded another crime The object of objects is usually known errors caused by mistake, but the object of different social relationship reflects Evil doer of objects and actual expected in fact not only harm object does not agree, and in the nature of law is not Therefore, the object irrtumslehre may affect the form of sin, crime accomplishment, and may even attempted to influence the For example, in view of the circumstances, not a thought before the enemy, and a party came to stick, afterwards just know the ox was A thought of damage is "people", and the actual wounded is "cow", do not belong to the same laws of the Similar situation and will generally be mistaken for drug trafficking items, Actor will stolen items in the theft of guns in stealing This object from the subjective errors, see, is a kind of mistake, From the objective, because the mistake crime to no avail, where the criminal attempted 1）Object mistakeObjects can be generalized mistake, including object mistake to belong to the object know mistake is inevitable object These include, is known to be wrong object of legal property of the same object mistake and legal properties of different objects, namely the object irrtumslehre In order to distinguish with the object mistake here, the cognition to the same object only mean error between the different objects, namely the misunderstanding of the evil doer expected objects and actual harm to the object, but not in fact in the legal nature of the same This object mistake again say things on purpose mistake not criminal As a reserve, killing b shall be killed as b and c, do not affect a This is the need to consider that a kill b behavior "mistake" cause others (c), belong to an intentional crime (b) "death", for the excess result, according to the results, which determine the ordinary mail of death was deliberately recognized for deliberately, to the death of the fault is propylene, identified as negligence, according to the intention or negligence of the general mark recognized FanYi or state of mind, not applicable rules of the 2） Behavior irrtumslehreBehavior mainly includes two kind of mistake: first, the behavior nature That actor has to its social harm nature, such as understanding not imaginary Behavior nature mistake might affect the form of sin, and may also affect Second, the behavior tools (methods) That person to use when the conduct of tool (methods), which affects not correct understanding of harm results, behavior tools (methods) mistake can affect crime or attempted was founded, also can affect crime or belongs to the incident, a typical for murder on hazardous substances, because the drug failure and failed to kill people, can think method or tools for error doer of consciousness beyond reason not to And as actor see armour, second coming together, hence shot to play, but can't hit by the party Look, this is from the phenomenon of an object, or the final results for the mistake, but this error is based on the fact that the wrong doer identify offender is carefully identify to begin, can think recognize is accurate, errors in ChaWu The solution to this situation, "said", its legal with qualitative and recognize wrong object is consistent, namely directly recognized as an intentional homicide The death of a person is directly intentionally to b, death is the indirect intentional, just for a to b is attempted, Additionally, if in daily life because misidentification object and damage of consequences, the crime itself is not just any criminal negligence because of 3)Causality irrtumslehreCausality mistake, is on his behavior and harmful results of actual connection between Generally include: first, not some harm result, as has happened This generally constitute a Second, has certain harm result, but not for actor or for his behavior is caused, and does not affect crime Third, really happened, the offender is aware of its behavior, but with the actual development between the harm to the process or a mistake, general to punish crime In theory, the offender is not only a crime, but continuous movement, this several continuous action is not a few crime, but a In this sense, doesn't exist on the results of the Legal irrtumslehre and facts mistake and proceduresDomestic scholars in fact know mistakes and errors between the issue legal representative views mainly include:（1）For own behavior whether in law constitutes a crime, criminal or what kind of criminal punishment shall be under the incorrect understanding is legal irrtumslehre for his behavior on the implementation of the incorrect understanding is the fact that mistake,（2）The objectivity of crime is a false understanding of crime, that mistake of objective facts have clear understanding, only to act in the evaluation of existing laws on the concept of law is not correct mistakes。（3）Actor known facts and actual fact don't agree is wrong, the person that judgment and objective law is law of illegal inconsistency These ideas basically could in theory and legal irrtumslehre fact distinguish mistakes, it is important to emphasize that：1) With the conviction that the so-called irrelevant, as this mistake to hit each other, the shooting head caused the death of heart, without vision of research into 2) Study of the theory of error, error occurs when the purpose, but whether to intentionally resistance, reduce plots affected only the wrong cognition, natural sentencing nor will it into the error theory 3) This does not constitute a crime and actor for crime, and for their behavior in the criminal law on the crimes and how to apply for criminal punishment on such specific knowledge error, conviction according to Based on this, the author thinks that, at the fact that criminal law is only to know wrong doer of elements to know the so-called objective facts constituents of mistake is the fact that the legal irrtumslehre error refers to the legal action is illegal and the evaluation of the From the theory of facts and legal irrtumslehre error, but the problem is in the law, criminal elements to the facts and law closely combined circumstances (like some administrative crimes and economic crimes), or is in a fact itself contains certain laws of evaluation content, to distinguish with a mistake is the fact that mistake or legal wrong, is often If the property of his humanity and obscenity obscenity, administrative rules and regulations, JinYuOu, disrupt public until its precondition of the legitimacy of the public, and legal irrtumslehre facts wrong intertwined, and this is what we distinguish facts and legal irrtumslehre errors will solve the In some cases, the defendant should know that because of the lack of knowledge, and not to the behavior of social harmfulness, so that the defendant is not "knowledge they will entail harmful consequences to society, and hope or allows such results" and deliberate crime, the burden of proof is only FanYi prosecution, in addition, prosecution without proof the defendant not normal, but normal mental and spiritual normal presumption defendant directly if the defendant that his spirit is not normal, it shall provide necessary evidence by himself to Thus, the author, on legal irrtumslehre processing, can adopt the presumption of ways to Which country presumption every normal citizens are known, unless the law can put forward defense "advantage prove" above, or the evidence rebut these presumption is From the efficiency of lawsuit, said the country is impossible to prove the defendant is known of the

中国知网

法学院毕业论文写作指南项目1：论文题目简要、明确、通畅，一般不超过20字；题目中英文翻译应该一致；项目2：论文摘要摘要一般不超过300字；关键词为3～8个，另起一行，排在摘要下方，词与词之间以“；”分隔；中英文摘要和关键词应该一致；项目3：论文目录由论文的章节以及附录、参考文献等的序号、题名和页码组成；目录是否符合格式（可在模版中自动生成）；项目4：参考文献参考文献的标注方法：采用顺序编码制，即按照文章正文部分（包括图、表及其说明）引用的先后顺序连续编码；标注的符号为“[ ]”，作为上标，在标点符号前使用；在参考文献外，若有注释的话，建议采用夹注，即紧接文句，用圆括号标明。或者以脚注的形式排在页面底端，按①,②,③编号,分页不连续编号。参考文献的写作格式为：①参考文献是连续出版物时，其格式为：[序号] 作者．题名．刊名，出版年份，卷号（期号）：引文所在的起止页码②参考文献是专著时，其格式为：[序号] 作者．书名．版本（第1版不标注）．出版地：出版者，出版年．引文所在的起止页码③参考文献是论文集时，其格式为：[序号] 作者．题名．见（英文用In）：主编．论文集名．出版地：出版者，出版年．引文所在起止页码④参考文献是学位论文时，其格式为：[序号] 作者．题名：〔博士、硕士或学士学位论文〕．保存地点：保存单位，年份⑤参考文献是专利时，其格式为：[序号]专利申请者．题名．专利国别，专利文献种类，专利号．出版日期参考文献著录中需要注意：个人作者（包括译者、编者）著录时一律姓在前，名在后，由于各国（或民族）的姓名写法不同，著录时应特别注意，名可缩写为首字母（大写），但不加编写点（•）。另外，作者（主要责任者）不多于3人时要全部写出，并用“，”号相隔；3人以上只列出前3人，后加“等”或相应的文字如“et al”。“等”或“et al”前加“，”号。例：（注意格式中没有出现“《》”、“年”、“月”及“第”、“页”等字）参考文献[1] 袁庆龙，候文义．Ni-P合金镀层组织形貌及显微硬度研究．太原理工大学学报，2001，32(1)：51-53[2]蒋有绪，郭泉水，马娟，等．中国森林群落分类及其群落学特征 ．北京：科学出版社，1998．179-193[3]张和生．地质力学系统理论：博士学位论文．太原：太原理工大学，1998[4 ]希德．创造学习的思路．人民日报，1998-12-25(10) [5 ]品一．高校学报编辑工作现代化特征．见：中国高等学校自然科学学报研究会．科技编辑学论文集(2)．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1998．10-22[6]核反应堆压力容器的LBB分析．北京：清华大学核能技术设计研究院，1997 [7]斯蒂芬•P•罗宾斯管理学．黄卫伟，等译．第七版．北京：中国人民大学出版社，2003[8]江向东．互联网环境下的信息处理与图书管理系统解决方案[J/OL]．情报学报，1999，18(2)：4[2000-01-18] ． cn/periodical/gbxb/gbxb99/gbxb990203．项目5：文字及内容1、文章内容是否还有错误，重点审查摘要和结论内容审查，是否有错别字及不通顺；2、内容每段开头是否有空格项目6：文本格式统一使用A4纸，单面打印；字体全部用宋体；标题行要求用小二号字加黑，正文内容要求用四号字；行距为单倍；页边距左为3㎝、右为2㎝、上为5㎝、下为5㎝；用阿拉伯数字连续编排页码，页码放在右下角，由正文首页开始编排，封面封底不编入页码；结构层次序数的表示方法：第一层为“1”，第二层为“1”，第三层为“1”，第四层为“1”，正文中序号用“①”表示，不分段；附表与插图：附表要有表号、表题；插图要有图号、图题； 项目7：装订格式封面栏目要求打印毕业设计（论文）一律左边装订成册；装订顺序为：封面、诚信声明（见附件）、论文摘要与关键词、目录、正文、致谢、附录、参考文献、论文评定表。3．封面的写法： 论文题目： 中国的外国人永久居留制度初探 学 院 法学院 学 系 法律学系 专 业 法学专业 姓 名 黄文 学 号 2005403053795 指导教师 程前进 2009年4月25日项目8：成绩评定学生毕业论文的最终成绩=指导教师评分×20%+评阅人评分×40%+答辩评分×40%。在毕业论文评定表中，指导教师、评阅人和系主任意见及签名一律要求手写。指导老师和评阅人的评分要公正、客观，论文评语应详细具体，要写出评分理由，指出论文优缺点,做出是否推荐参加答辩的结论。系主任意见应该包括以下内容：该学生的答辩评分成绩（百分制），按照规定的计分权重计算出的最终成绩（百分制），评定等级（优秀、良好、中等、及格或不及格），是否达到毕业的要求。本科生毕业设计（论文）的成绩一般采用百分制记分评定，分5个档次，分别为优秀（90～100分）、良好（80～89分）、中等（70～79分）、及格（60～69分）和不及格（60分以下），优秀者比例原则上应控制在本组参加答辩学生人数的15%以内。