Abstract: with the development of railway, highway overloaded, in order to adapt to the running smoothness, safety, comfort, at the request of internal combustion engines components put forward higher requirement of safety and This topic is currently in operation, VTC254 supercharger for introducing the main type of 16V280 diesel engine turbocharger match of fault analysis and judgement, main contents include: 16V280 diesel engine is introduced, VTC254 supercharger maintenance, fault tree in the supercharger application of fault analysis, the specific measures to prevent failure To improve the overall safety and stability of the