什么“ For all these reasons, it continues to there be a growing need to update our knowledge and understand this complex In this review, we analyze and summarize the four main topics that were discussed during the last international meeting on acute and chronic pain (SIMPAR: Study in Multidisciplinary Pain Research), which was held in Pavia, Italy, on 3rd-4th of December, 2010: pathophysiology of pain, acute postoperative pain, opioids and pain, and chronic We reviewed the topics analyzing and comparing them also with the literature published in the period between November 2010-June Pathophysiology of painPain is defined as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience of actual or potential tissue damage or an experience expressed in such terms”7 During the last 13th World Congress on Pain in Montreal (Canada) the delegates adopted a Declaration that Access to Pain Management is a Fundamental Human R8 Pain is classified into three different types:3, 9 inflammatory, neuropathic and dysfunctional Although this kind of classification schematizes and facilitates our clinical approach to treating pain, there is a large interindividual variability in the response of analgesics when administered to However, in recent years, predicting the response of patients to analgesics is possible with improved genetic and neurophysiological characterizations of patients and better understanding of the pharmacokinetic properties of the medications administered, such as local anesthetics during epidural ”呀!买个翻译机吧!