美国文学的论文格式

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APA格式是一个为广泛接受的研究论文撰写格式，特别针对社会科学领域的研究，规范学术文献的引用和参考文献的撰写方法，以及表格、图表、注脚和附录的编排方式。APA格式因采用哈佛大学文章引用的格式而广为人知，其“作者和日期”的引用方式和“括号内引用法”相当著名。正式来说，APA格式指的就是美国心理学会（AmericanPsychologicalAssociation）出版的《美国心理协会刊物准则》，目已出版至第五版、总页数超过400页，而此协会是在美国具有权威性的心理学学者组织。APA格式起源于1929年，当时只有7页，被刊登在《心理学期刊（Psychological Bulletin）》。另一种相当有名的论文格式为MLA格式（The MLA Style Manual），主要被应用在人文学科，如文学、比较文学、文学批评和文化研究等。

论《洛丽塔》中纳博科夫的现代意识 (文化冲突)The Dispiriting Incompatibility of European and American CulturesThroughout Lolita, the interactions between European and American cultures result in perpetual misunderstandings and Charlotte Haze, an American, is drawn to the sophistication and worldliness of Humbert, a E She eagerly accepts Humbert not so much because of who he is, but because she is charmed by what she sees as the glamour and intellect of Humbert’s Humbert has no such reverence for C He openly mocks the superficiality and transience of American culture, and he views Charlotte as nothing but a simple-minded However, he adores every one of Lolita’s vulgarities and chronicles every detail of his tour of America—he enjoys the possibilities for freedom along the open American He eventually admits that he has defiled the country rather than the other way Though Humbert and Lolita develop their own version of Peace as they travel together, their union is clearly not based on understanding or Lolita cannot comprehend the depth of Humbert’s devotion, which he overtly links to art, history, and culture, and Humbert will never truly recognize Lolita’s unwillingness to let him sophisticate Eventually, Lolita leaves Humbert for the American Quilty, who does not bore her with high culture or grand 偶然和无常纳博科夫的《洛丽塔》中的混沌 (心里和心理学方面的混乱)The Inadequacy of PsychiatryHumbert’s passion for Lolita defies easy psychological analysis, and throughout Lolita Humbert mocks psychiatry’s tendency toward simplistic, logical In the foreword to Lolita, John Ray, J, PD, claims that Humbert’s tale will be of great interest to psychiatry, but throughout his memoir Humbert does his best to discredit the entire field of study, heaping the most scorn on Freudian For example, he enjoys lying to the psychiatrists at the He reports mockingly that Pratt, the headmistress of Lolita’s school, diagnoses Lolita as sexually immature, wholly unaware that she actually has an overly active sex life with her By undermining the authority and logic of the psychiatric field, Nabokov demands that readers view Humbert as a unique and deeply flawed human being, but not an insane Humbert further thwarts efforts of scientific categorization by constantly describing his feelings for Lolita as an enchantment or spell, closer to magic than to He tries to prove that his love is not a mental disease but an enormous, strange, and uncontrollable emotion that resists easy Nabokov himself was deeply critical of psychiatry, and Lolita is, in a way, an attack on the 以《洛丽塔》为例分析文学内在价值与社会道德规范的冲突解析《洛丽塔》中主人公的悲剧命运论《洛丽塔》的悲剧意义(这段3个主题都有相关,但是不详细)Humbert and Lolita are both exiles, and, alienated from the societies with which they are familiar, they find themselves in ambiguous moral territory where the old rules seem not to Humbert chooses exile and comes willingly from Europe to America, while Lolita is forced into exile when Charlotte She becomes detached from her familiar community of Ramsdale and goes on the road with H Together, they move constantly and belong to no single fixed The tourists Humbert and Lolita meet on the road are similarly transient, belonging to a generic America rather than to a specific In open, unfamiliar territory, Humbert and Lolita form their own set of rules, where normal sexual and familial relationships become twisted and Both Humbert and Lolita have become so disconnected from ordinary society that neither can fully recognize how morally depraved their actions Humbert cannot see his own monstrosity, and Lolita shows only occasional awareness of herself of a Though Humbert sweeps Lolita away so that they can find a measure of freedom, their exile ultimately traps Lolita is bound to Humbert because she has nowhere else to go, and though Humbert dreams of leaving America with Lolita, he eventually accepts that he will stay in America until he Though each of them undergoes one final exile, Lolita to Dick Schiller and Humbert to prison, it is clear that they are first and foremost exiled from their own selves, an exile so total that they could never return to their original places in the worlds they once Exile in L

Angel or Devil?Abstract: Is Pearl an angel for Hester or a devil who makes Hester suffer more? The child and the scarlet letter parallel each other; both represent the mother's sin--the child being a physical representation and the scarlet letter being a So she always reminds Hester of her sin, however she is Hester's love and mentor of Hester, without a helpless child to protect and guide, might not accept her punishment quite so passively as she seems However, would she be happier than now? Key Words: The Scarlet Letter, Pearl, angel, devil, HesterTo be frank, Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter is the unique book I have read in this However I feel lucky for it is not boring at all, furthermore, it attracted me at the So I want to and have to write my paper about this Most literary critics agree that The Scarlet Letter is Nathaniel Hawthorne's finest and most important work , so do I In this novel, the one who impressed me most is not Hester, Chillingworth or Dimmesdal but P Sometimes, she looks like an angel, but sometimes she is like a So I cannot help wondering whether Pearl is an angel or a devil? When I am asking this question, actually, I mean just for Hester, is Pearl like an angel or like a devil? First, Pearl is Hester Prynne's With rare exception, wherever the mother is found, the child is also When the town official escort her from the prison so that the townspeople might see Pearl is also there --a baby of three months old, winking and turning her little face from the bright As Pearl grows older, her mother dresses her in brilliant colors, for Pearl is her one proud Later, her mother has named her Pearl, with meaning of Little Pearl has beauty, intelligence and physical She is described as a lovely flower, having sprung from a guilty Sometimes Pearl is fanciful to the point that she is almost For instance, while her mother talks with Roger Chillingworth near the seashore, the imaginative child makes herself a mermaid's costume our of Then, as a crowing touch, she gathers some eel-grass and makes for herself a green letter "A", imitating as closely as possible her mother's scarlet Pearl often plays in the sunshine; whereas the sunshine will not shine directly on H The child is so close to nature that the little animal in the forest scene, such as partridges, pigeons, and squirrels, almost completely ignore her when she is passing by They recognize a wildness in the human child comparable to their Pearl is also very sympathetic For example, during the festivities of the New England Holiday, it is Pearl who describes D She remarks that in the dark nighttime and in the forest he is one type of person--loving and friendly; in the sunny days, he is a different sort of man, for he does not know She remarks:"A strange, sad man is he, with his hand always over his heart!" Pearl, by instinct, has supposed some things to be true which are All of these express the good aspect of P However, there are also majority of words that will give the opposite She is also Hester's child of She obeys no ruled unless she wishes to do Her moods change If she is crossed in any way, the child flies into a At one moment, she is wild, desperate, and filled with bad temper and gloom; then, suddenly, she can change in the sunny, happy child who wants to assure her mother of her love by kissing Pearl seems to have no set standard to govern her own behaviour-- she reacts according to her particular feeling of the Moreover, she has a certain peculiar look on her face which sometimes causes Hester to question whether or not Pearl is a human child or a being from another world like a little Her eyes are wild, bright, deeply- She is described as an imp of evil, emblem and product of The Puritan children flee in fear when resentful Pearl chases after them, flinging stones and shrill words at Once, Hester is frightened when she looks into the mirror of Pearl's She sees a freakish, elfish look In the headpiece of the armour in Governor Bellingham's hall, Hester is disturbed to see Pearl's expression, as it is reflected in the metal The child has an elfish look of naughty merriment, as if an imp were seeking to mould itself in Pearl's Attracted by the brightness of her mother's scarlet letter, the three-year-old Pearl plays game, flinging wildflowers at her mother's symbol of When Pearl playfully declares that she has no Heavenly Father, Hester remembers that some of the townspeople regard Pearl as an offspring of the Then, is Pearl an angel for Hester or a devil who makes Hester suffer more? The child and the scarlet letter parallel each other; both represent the mother's sin--the child being a physical representation and the scarlet letter being a So she always reminds Hester of her sin, however she is Hester's love and mentor of Hester, without a helpless child to protect and guide, might not accept her punishment quite so passively as she seems However, would she be happier than now? Do you remember the scene when she defends her capability to care for Pearl when she talks with Governor Bellingham, one of people planing to take the child from her? She loves Dimmesdal in a sense, so she must love their child, P It is Pearl who stay with her for a so long From my point of view, she is an angel for Hester, and this is also the reason why Hester gave Pearl this kind of In fact, in our real life, how can a mother hate her own child? This is the strongest reason for my Totally speaking, Pearl, like an angel, is always guarding Hester all the time, and so does Hester, who always keep protecting Pearl in her whole References: Charles Leawitt ---- Nathaniel Hawthorne's THE SCARLET LETTER and THE HOUSE OF SEVEN GABLES, THE BLTIHEDALE ROMANCE , THE MARBLE FAUN