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茶叶（a tea leaf） 怎样鉴定茶叶的好坏？【八项指标】 九项指标： 外形五项：整碎、色泽、嫩度、条形、净度； 内质四项：汤色、香气、滋味、叶底。 茶叶的定义 从植物学的角度来讲 茶拉丁学名： Ｃamellia sinensis(L)OKuntze 在植物分类系统中 属被子植物门（Angiospermae） 双子叶植物纲（Dicotyledoneae） 原始花被亚纲（Archichlamydeae） 山茶目（Theales） 山茶科（Theaceae） 山茶属（Camellia） 茶亚属(Thea) 茶组（Camellia sect L） 下又分两个种：茶种（中国种）、普洱种。 茶属双子叶植物，约30属，500种，分布于热带和亚热带地区，我国有14属，397种，主产长江以南各地，其中茶属Camellia和何树属Schima等均极富经济价值。乔木或灌木；叶互生，单叶，革质，无托叶；花常两性，稀单性，单生或数朵聚生，腋生或顶生；萼片5－7，覆瓦状排列；花瓣通常5，稀4至多数，覆瓦状排列；雄蕊极多数，稀少数，分离或多少合生；子房上位，稀下位，2－10室，每室有胚珠2至多颗；果为一蒴果，或不开裂而核果状 我们一般所说的茶叶就是指用茶树的叶子加工而成,可以用开水直接泡饮的一种饮品。 科学家发现>>茶叶在壶中煮沸抗癌效果更显著 科学家发现，用壶煮制的茶水更有利于健康。与简单的在盛有沸水的杯子里泡茶相比，煮茶水的方法可以释放出更多的抗癌化学物质。 阿伯丁郡洛维特研究所的研究人员发现，茶叶在壶中煮沸5分钟，抗氧化剂的浓度达到最高峰。抗氧化剂能吸收与癌症和心脏病有关的有害自由基。科学家让一些参与者饮用在壶中泡制长达10分钟的茶，然后对他们血液中的多酚（植物自然产生的抗氧化剂）水平进行检测。他们发现那些饮用泡制5分钟的茶水的人比饮用泡制10分钟的茶水的人血液中的抗氧化剂水平高60%。泡制3分钟和5分钟的茶水中的抗氧化剂水平的差异是30%。参加试验者饮用一小时在壶中泡制5分钟的茶水后，血流中的抗氧化剂水平上升了45%。茶叶在壶中泡制更长时间并没产生更多的有益成分。他们还发现向茶水中添加牛奶不会影响茶的抗氧化剂成分。 中国现代名茶有数百种之多，根据其历史分析，有下列三种情况： 有一部分属传统名茶，如西湖龙井庐山云雾洞庭碧螺春黄山毛峰太平猴魁恩施玉露信阳毛尖六安瓜片屯溪珍眉老竹大方桂平西山茶君山银针云南普洱茶苍梧六堡茶政和白毫银针白牡丹安溪铁观音凤凰水仙闽北水仙武夷岩茶祁门红茶等。 另一部分是恢复历史名茶，也就是说历史上曾有过这类名茶，后来未能持续生产或已失传的，经过研究创新，恢复原有的茶名。如休宁松罗、涌溪火青、敬亭绿雪、九华毛峰、汉家刘氏茶、龟山岩绿、蒙顶甘露、仙人掌茶、天池茗毫、贵定云雾、青城雪芽、蒙顶黄芽、阳羡雪芽、鹿苑毛尖、霍山黄芽、顾渚紫笋、径山茶、雁荡毛峰、日铸雪芽、金奖惠明、金华举岩、东阳东白等等。 还有大部分是属于新创名茶，如婺源茗眉、南京 雨花茶、无锡毫茶、茅山青峰、天柱剑毫、岳西翠兰、齐山翠眉、望府银毫、临海蟠毫、千岛玉叶、遂昌银猴、都匀毛尖、高桥银峰、金水翠峰、永川秀芽、上饶白眉、湄江翠片、安化松针、遵义毛峰、文君绿茶、娥眉毛峰、雪芽、雪青、仙台大白、早白尖红茶、黄金桂、 秦巴雾毫、汉水银梭、八仙云雾、南糯白毫、午子仙毫等等。 乌龙茶是中国茶的代表,是一种半发酵的茶,透明的琥珀色茶汤是其特色。 最能体现中国茶文化特色的当数乌龙茶，因为乌龙茶的品尝比较讲究，冲泡也颇费工夫，因而人们称它为“功夫茶”。 我国是茶树的原产地，茶树最早出现于我国西南部的云贵高原、西双版纳地区。但是有部分学者认为茶树的原产地在印度，理由是印度有野生茶树，而中国没有。但他们不知中国在公元前200年左右的《尔雅》中就提到有野生大茶树，而且还有“茶树王”。 《神农本草经》是我国的第一部药学专著，自战国时代写起，成书于西汉年间。这部书以传说的形式，搜集自远古以来，劳动人民长期积累的药物知识，其中有这样的记载：“神农尝百草，日遇七十二毒，得荼而解之”。据考证：这里的荼是指古代的茶，大意是说，远在上古时代，传说中的炎帝，亲口尝过百草，以便从中发现有利于人类生存的植物，竟然一天之内多次中毒。但由于服用茶叶而得救。这虽然是传说，带有明显的夸张成份，但也可从中得知，人类利用茶叶，可能是从药用开始的。 据考察，“茶”字最早出现在《百声大师碑》和《怀晖碑》中，时间大约在唐朝中期，公元806年到公元820年前后，在此之前，“茶”是用多义字“荼”表示的。 “茶”字的基本意义是“苦菜”，上古时期人们对茶还缺乏认识，仅仅根据它的味道，把它归于苦菜一类，是完全可以理解的，当人们认识到它与一般苦菜的区别及其特殊功能时，单独表示它的新字也就产生了。 茶与粮食，占有同等重要的位置。可是，“由于气候等原因，当地并不产茶，官府为了增强控制少数民族的力量，对茶叶的供给采取限量，直接分配的办法，以求达到“以茶治边”的目的。与此同时，官府不仅控制茶叶的供应，而且，以少量的茶，交换多数的战马，给兄弟民族带来沉重的负担，这就是历史上的“茶马互市”。 茶叶作为一种饮料，从唐朝开始，流传到我国西北各个少数民族地区，成为当地人民生活的必需品，“一日无茶则滞，三日无茶则病”。中国是茶树的原产地。然而，中国在茶业上对人类的贡献，主要在于最早发现了茶这种植物，最先利用了茶这种植物，并把它发展形成为我国和东方乃至整个世界的一种灿烂独特的茶文化。如我国史籍所载，在未知饮茶前，“古人夏则饮水，冬则饮汤”，恒以温汤生水解渴。以茶为饮则改变了人们喝生水的陋习，较大地提高了人民的健康水平。至于茶在欧美一带，被认为“无疑是东方赐予西方的最好礼物”，“欧洲若无茶与咖啡之传入，饮酒必定更加无度”，“茶给人类的好处无法估计”，“我确信茶是人类的救主之一”，“是伟大的慰藉品”等等。世界各国饮茶及茶的生产和贸易，除朝鲜、日本以及中亚、西亚一带是唐朝前后就从中国传入者外，其他多是16世纪以后，特别是近200年以来才传入发展起来的。 普洱茶是历史以来形成的云南特有的地方名茶。是以云南原产地的大叶种晒青茶及其再加工而成两个系列：直接再加工为成品的生普和经过人工速成发酵后再加工而成的熟普，型制上又分散茶和紧压茶两类；成品后都还持续进行着自然陈化过程，具有越陈越香的独特品质。普洱茶是用优良品种云南大叶种的鲜叶制成，也叫作普洱散茶。其外形条索粗壮肥大，色泽乌润或褐红，俗称象猪肝色。滋味醇厚回甘，具有独特的陈香味儿，有“美容茶”之声誉。 编辑摘要
以下是“中国”茶叶的历史：======================History of Chinese Tea======================Chinese tea consists of tea leaves which have been processed using methods inherited from CAccording to popular legend, tea was discovered by Chinese Emperor Shennong (Shen Nung, Shen Nong, The Yan Emperor, The Emperor of the five grains) in 2737 BC when a leaf from a Camilla sinensis tree fell into water the emperor was Not everyone agrees on the origin, but no one disputes that tea is deeply woven into the history and culture of C The beverage is considered one of the seven necessities of Chinese life, along with firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce and Some writers classify tea into four categories, green, white, black and Others add categories for red, scented and compressed All of these come from varieties of the Camilla sinensis Chinese flower tea (花茶), while popular, is not a true Most Chinese tea is consumed in China and is not Green tea is the most popular type of tea used in CWithin these main categories of tea are vast varieties of individual Some researchers have counted more than Others put the number at more than 1, Some of the variations are due to different strains of the Camilla The popular Tie Guan Yin 铁观音, for example, is traced back to a single plant discovered in Anxi 安溪 in the Fujian Other teas draw some of their characteristics from local growing The largest factor in the wide variations comes from differences in processing after the tea is White and green teas are cooked soon after picking to prevent oxidization, often called fermentation, caused by natural enzymes in the Oolong teas are partially Black and red teas are fully Other differences come from variations in the processing Chinese Tea HistoryTea (Camellia sinensis) is native to C The ancient Chinese used them for medical purposes, then developed the infusion we know as tea; to this day tea is said to purge the digestive system of 'toxins' Later the Chinese learned to grow tea plants and use their leaves to make various types of Many different types of tea were grown during each of the dynasties in CThe Tang DynastyA list of the differing grades of tea grown in the Tang Dynasty:Premier Grade Tea: Xiazhou, Guangzhou, Huzhou, Yuezhou, P Second Grade Tea: Jingzhou, Ranzhou, Changzhou, M Third Grade Tea: Shouzhou, Hangzhou, Muzhou, Hengzhou, Taizhou, Xuanzhou, Yiazhou, L Fourth Grade Tea: Jinzhou, Lianzhou, Huangzhou, Sozhou, Yunzhou, Hanzhou, M Tea dates back to the West Zhou Period in ancient China, when the Chinese used tea as Since then, tea leaves have been eaten as vegetables, used as medicine, and, since the Han dynasty, infused in boiling water, the new drink making tea into a major There are many different kinds of The three basic categories are non-oxidised green tea, semi-oxidised oolong tea, and fully oxidised black All true teas are usually made from the same type of plant, “Camellia Sinensis”, although some teas are flavored with other plants and Tea is made through a very long and delicate procedure where young tea leaves are picked, steamed or pan fried, then dried and sifted, and finally distributed to wherever they need to The flavor of tea varies depending on how it is Many people drink tea because of its health Tea promotes in occasions digestion[citation needed], is rich in vitamins, and brings a feeling of relaxation when you drink The Song DynastyTea was an important crop during the Song D Tea farms covered 242 This included expensive tribute tea; tea from Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, where some was exported to Southeast Asian and the Arab In the Song Dynasty, tea started to be pressed into tea cake, some embossed with patterns of the dragon and the Phoenix and was called exotic names including:Large Dragon tea cake, Small Dragon tea cake, Surpass Snow Dragon ball cake, Fine Silver Sprout, Cloud Leaf, Gold Money, Jade Flower, Inch of Gold, Longevity Sprout, Eternal Spring Jade Leave, Dragon in the Clouds, Longevity Dragon Sprout, Dragon Phoenix and Flower, Eternal Spring Silver SThe Ming DynastyMing dynasty scholar 文震亨 Wen Zhenheng's book 长物志 Zhang Wu Zhi (On Superfluous Things) chapter 12 contains description of several famous Ming dynasty teas:Tiger Hill Tea and Heaven Pool TeaDuring this time Tiger Hill Tea was purportedly developed as (still) the finest tea in the world, however, the production quantity was rather small, and growing is regulated by the Chinese Some, however, consider its taste to be second to Heaven Pool Zhen HJie TeaJie Tea from Chang Xing of Zhejiang is superb and highly regarded, though rather Those from Jing Qi find it is slightly NB: "Jie" is the short hame for "Luo Jie" Luo Jie was the name of a mountain bordering Zhejiang and Jing Qi (in the Ming dynasty), where "jie"-- meant Chang Xin was south of Luo Jie mountain, Jing Qi was north of Luo J Chang Xin retains its name till Luo Jie tea from Gu Chu mountain in Chang Xing county in Zhejiang was also known as Gu Chu Voilet S Gu Chu Voilet Shoot had been imperial tribute tea since the Tang dynasty for nearly nine hundred years until the middle of the Qin Gu Chu Voilet Shoot was revived again in the seventies as a top grade tea in CNB Jin Qi is now called Yi Xin Jin Qi tea was also known as Yang Xian Ruo Leaves are leaves from Indocalamus tessellatus The leaf is about 45 cm Liu An Tea"Liu An" tea is used for Chinese medicine, although if it is not baked right, it cannot let out its aroma and has a bitter The inherent quality of this tea is actually quite Wen ZhenhengNote: Liu An is a county in A Liu An tea is still produced from Liu An county in Anhui province in C The Liu An tea from the Bat Cave of Jin Zai county is of superior quality, as thousand of bats in the cave can provide an ideal fertilizer for the tea Song Luo TeaSong Luo tea is manufactured at Song Luo mountain located north of Xiu Ning township in An Hui proovince in C The tea farms are scattered between a height of six to seven hundred meters on the There is no real Song Luo tea outside an area of a dozen mu* and only one or two families possess the refined skill to prepare Song Luo Recently the tea hand-baked by mountain monks is even Genuine Song Luo tea is produced at the foot of the Dong Shan (Cave Hill) and on top of the Tian Chi (Heaven Pool), highly treasured by people in Xin An It is also a favourite for the people of Nan Du and Qu Zong counties, due to its ease in brewing and intense One mu = 667 square Dragon Well Tea and Eyes on Heaven TeaLong Jing and Tian Mu may match Heaven Pool tea due to the weather in their growing Because the cold season comes earlier to the mountains, there is abundant snow in the winter, hence the tea plants germinate [Wen Zhenheng]Long Jing tea is manufactured in the West Lake district in Hangzhou city, C There is a Longjing (Dragon Well) on the Feng Huang Tian Mu mountain is located in Lin An county in the north west of Zhejiang There are two 1500-meter peaks, each with a pond on top filled with crystal clear water looking like an eye, hence the name of Eyes on H
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Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of tea leaf explants: effects of counteracting bactericidity of leaf polyphenols without loss of bacterial virulenceI Sandal, U Saini, B Lacroix, A Bhattacharya - Plant cell reports, 2007Effects of olive leaf polyphenols against H2O2 toxicity in insulin secreting β-cellsA Cumaoğlu, L Rackova, M Stefek - Acta biochimica 2011
The Chinese people, in their drinking of tea, place much significance on the act of "" "Savoring tea" is not only a way to discern good tea from mediocre tea, but also how people take delight in their reverie and in tea-drinking Snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schedule, making a kettle of strong tea, securing a serene space, and serving and drinking tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frustration, improve your thinking ability and inspire you with You may also imbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic Buildings, gardens, ornaments and tea sets are the elements that form the ambience for savoring A tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is certainly desirable for drinking Chinese gardens are well known in the world and beautiful Chinese landscapes are too numerous to Teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty of mountains and rivers are enchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreate China is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea- Snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay one's 参考译文： 中国人饮茶， 注重一个"品"字。"品茶"不但是鉴别茶的优劣，也带有神思遐想和领略饮茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶，择雅静之处，自斟自饮，可以消除疲劳、涤烦益思、振奋精神，也可以细啜慢饮，达到美的享受，使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界。品茶的环境一般由建筑物、园林、摆设、茶具等因素组成。饮茶要求安静、清新、舒适、干净。中国园林世界闻名，山水风景更是不可胜数。利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室，让人们小憩，意趣盎然。 中国是文明古国，礼仪之邦，很重礼节。凡来了客人，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪是必不可少的。当有客来访，可征求意见，选用最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客。主人在陪伴客人饮茶时，要注意客人杯、壶中的茶水残留量，一般用茶杯泡茶，如已喝去一半，就要添加开水，随喝随添，使茶水浓度基本保持前后一致，水温适宜。在饮茶时也可适当佐以茶食、糖果、菜肴等，达到调节口味和点心之功效。 注释： 神思遐想：reverie。 领略饮茶情趣：take delight in tea-drinking。 在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶……:这个句子较长，译者根据其意思的层次，把它分成了两个完整的句子来翻译，这样就有较大的自由度来遣词造句。 择静雅之处：securing a serene space。 细啜慢饮：imbibe slowly in small sips。 达到美的享受：即"享受到饮茶之美"。allure这里是名词，意为"迷人之处"，也可用beauty。 使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界：until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm。 利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室：翻译时用了tucked away和nestled，比用built要形象、优美得多。 让人们小憩，意趣盎然:意思是"(茶室)是让人们休息、娱乐的迷人场所。" 礼仪之邦:即是"一个很讲究礼仪的地方"，"很重礼节"为重复，不译。 当有客来访：是"凡来了客人"的重复，可不译。根据下文的内容，加上before serving tea，使上下衔接贴切自然。 征求意见，选用最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客：可理解为"询问来客他们最喜欢什么茶叶，然后用最合适的茶具给客人敬茶"。 主人在陪伴客人饮茶时：译为in the course of serving tea,与前面before serving tea相呼应。 主人在陪伴客人饮茶时……水温适宜：这句话较长，译者同样根据其意思的层次，把它分成了两个完整的句子来翻译。 随喝随添：and thus the cup is kept filled或者and in this way the cup is kept filled。 茶食：意思为"点心、小吃"。 达到调节口味和点心之功效："点心"为方言"点饥、充饥"的意思。
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现代包装设计要强调环境的保护、资源的再利用,突出人性化,以人为本。在现代商品的包装设计中,包装色彩的人性化在各个方面得到了体现,包装的可靠性和方便性在结构上得以实现,而人性化理念在包装材料上表现的更加突出。本文通过对人性化包装设计内涵、在产品包装中的体现以及实现人性化包装设计的途径的研究，指出产品包装设计中要赋予更多人性的、情感的、审美的内涵，体现出人性的关怀，建立一种人与产品、人与环境和谐统一的关系。TInthemoderndesignofpackaginggoods,thehumanityofpackagingcolorsarereflectedineveryaspect,Thispaper,basedontheresearchoftheconnotationofhuman-orientedpackagingdesign,itsreflectionintheproductpackagingandtheapproachtohuman-orientedpackagingdesign,pointsoutthatthedesignoftheproductpackagingshouldbeendowedwithmorehuman,emotionalandaestheticmeanings,
红日出东方，生机勃发日华普照，茶韵东方东卓志出不凡之茶品
茶叶（a tea leaf） 怎样鉴定茶叶的好坏？【八项指标】 九项指标： 外形五项：整碎、色泽、嫩度、条形、净度； 内质四项：汤色、香气、滋味、叶底。 茶叶的定义 从植物学的角度来讲 茶拉丁学名： Ｃamellia sinensis(L)OKuntze 在植物分类系统中 属被子植物门（Angiospermae） 双子叶植物纲（Dicotyledoneae） 原始花被亚纲（Archichlamydeae） 山茶目（Theales） 山茶科（Theaceae） 山茶属（Camellia） 茶亚属(Thea) 茶组（Camellia sect L） 下又分两个种：茶种（中国种）、普洱种。 茶属双子叶植物，约30属，500种，分布于热带和亚热带地区，我国有14属，397种，主产长江以南各地，其中茶属Camellia和何树属Schima等均极富经济价值。乔木或灌木；叶互生，单叶，革质，无托叶；花常两性，稀单性，单生或数朵聚生，腋生或顶生；萼片5－7，覆瓦状排列；花瓣通常5，稀4至多数，覆瓦状排列；雄蕊极多数，稀少数，分离或多少合生；子房上位，稀下位，2－10室，每室有胚珠2至多颗；果为一蒴果，或不开裂而核果状 我们一般所说的茶叶就是指用茶树的叶子加工而成,可以用开水直接泡饮的一种饮品。 科学家发现>>茶叶在壶中煮沸抗癌效果更显著 科学家发现，用壶煮制的茶水更有利于健康。与简单的在盛有沸水的杯子里泡茶相比，煮茶水的方法可以释放出更多的抗癌化学物质。 阿伯丁郡洛维特研究所的研究人员发现，茶叶在壶中煮沸5分钟，抗氧化剂的浓度达到最高峰。抗氧化剂能吸收与癌症和心脏病有关的有害自由基。科学家让一些参与者饮用在壶中泡制长达10分钟的茶，然后对他们血液中的多酚（植物自然产生的抗氧化剂）水平进行检测。他们发现那些饮用泡制5分钟的茶水的人比饮用泡制10分钟的茶水的人血液中的抗氧化剂水平高60%。泡制3分钟和5分钟的茶水中的抗氧化剂水平的差异是30%。参加试验者饮用一小时在壶中泡制5分钟的茶水后，血流中的抗氧化剂水平上升了45%。茶叶在壶中泡制更长时间并没产生更多的有益成分。他们还发现向茶水中添加牛奶不会影响茶的抗氧化剂成分。 中国现代名茶有数百种之多，根据其历史分析，有下列三种情况： 有一部分属传统名茶，如西湖龙井庐山云雾洞庭碧螺春黄山毛峰太平猴魁恩施玉露信阳毛尖六安瓜片屯溪珍眉老竹大方桂平西山茶君山银针云南普洱茶苍梧六堡茶政和白毫银针白牡丹安溪铁观音凤凰水仙闽北水仙武夷岩茶祁门红茶等。 另一部分是恢复历史名茶，也就是说历史上曾有过这类名茶，后来未能持续生产或已失传的，经过研究创新，恢复原有的茶名。如休宁松罗、涌溪火青、敬亭绿雪、九华毛峰、汉家刘氏茶、龟山岩绿、蒙顶甘露、仙人掌茶、天池茗毫、贵定云雾、青城雪芽、蒙顶黄芽、阳羡雪芽、鹿苑毛尖、霍山黄芽、顾渚紫笋、径山茶、雁荡毛峰、日铸雪芽、金奖惠明、金华举岩、东阳东白等等。 还有大部分是属于新创名茶，如婺源茗眉、南京 雨花茶、无锡毫茶、茅山青峰、天柱剑毫、岳西翠兰、齐山翠眉、望府银毫、临海蟠毫、千岛玉叶、遂昌银猴、都匀毛尖、高桥银峰、金水翠峰、永川秀芽、上饶白眉、湄江翠片、安化松针、遵义毛峰、文君绿茶、娥眉毛峰、雪芽、雪青、仙台大白、早白尖红茶、黄金桂、 秦巴雾毫、汉水银梭、八仙云雾、南糯白毫、午子仙毫等等。 乌龙茶是中国茶的代表,是一种半发酵的茶,透明的琥珀色茶汤是其特色。 最能体现中国茶文化特色的当数乌龙茶，因为乌龙茶的品尝比较讲究，冲泡也颇费工夫，因而人们称它为“功夫茶”。 我国是茶树的原产地，茶树最早出现于我国西南部的云贵高原、西双版纳地区。但是有部分学者认为茶树的原产地在印度，理由是印度有野生茶树，而中国没有。但他们不知中国在公元前200年左右的《尔雅》中就提到有野生大茶树，而且还有“茶树王”。 《神农本草经》是我国的第一部药学专著，自战国时代写起，成书于西汉年间。这部书以传说的形式，搜集自远古以来，劳动人民长期积累的药物知识，其中有这样的记载：“神农尝百草，日遇七十二毒，得荼而解之”。据考证：这里的荼是指古代的茶，大意是说，远在上古时代，传说中的炎帝，亲口尝过百草，以便从中发现有利于人类生存的植物，竟然一天之内多次中毒。但由于服用茶叶而得救。这虽然是传说，带有明显的夸张成份，但也可从中得知，人类利用茶叶，可能是从药用开始的。 据考察，“茶”字最早出现在《百声大师碑》和《怀晖碑》中，时间大约在唐朝中期，公元806年到公元820年前后，在此之前，“茶”是用多义字“荼”表示的。 “茶”字的基本意义是“苦菜”，上古时期人们对茶还缺乏认识，仅仅根据它的味道，把它归于苦菜一类，是完全可以理解的，当人们认识到它与一般苦菜的区别及其特殊功能时，单独表示它的新字也就产生了。 茶与粮食，占有同等重要的位置。可是，“由于气候等原因，当地并不产茶，官府为了增强控制少数民族的力量，对茶叶的供给采取限量，直接分配的办法，以求达到“以茶治边”的目的。与此同时，官府不仅控制茶叶的供应，而且，以少量的茶，交换多数的战马，给兄弟民族带来沉重的负担，这就是历史上的“茶马互市”。 茶叶作为一种饮料，从唐朝开始，流传到我国西北各个少数民族地区，成为当地人民生活的必需品，“一日无茶则滞，三日无茶则病”。中国是茶树的原产地。然而，中国在茶业上对人类的贡献，主要在于最早发现了茶这种植物，最先利用了茶这种植物，并把它发展形成为我国和东方乃至整个世界的一种灿烂独特的茶文化。如我国史籍所载，在未知饮茶前，“古人夏则饮水，冬则饮汤”，恒以温汤生水解渴。以茶为饮则改变了人们喝生水的陋习，较大地提高了人民的健康水平。至于茶在欧美一带，被认为“无疑是东方赐予西方的最好礼物”，“欧洲若无茶与咖啡之传入，饮酒必定更加无度”，“茶给人类的好处无法估计”，“我确信茶是人类的救主之一”，“是伟大的慰藉品”等等。世界各国饮茶及茶的生产和贸易，除朝鲜、日本以及中亚、西亚一带是唐朝前后就从中国传入者外，其他多是16世纪以后，特别是近200年以来才传入发展起来的。 普洱茶是历史以来形成的云南特有的地方名茶。是以云南原产地的大叶种晒青茶及其再加工而成两个系列：直接再加工为成品的生普和经过人工速成发酵后再加工而成的熟普，型制上又分散茶和紧压茶两类；成品后都还持续进行着自然陈化过程，具有越陈越香的独特品质。普洱茶是用优良品种云南大叶种的鲜叶制成，也叫作普洱散茶。其外形条索粗壮肥大，色泽乌润或褐红，俗称象猪肝色。滋味醇厚回甘，具有独特的陈香味儿，有“美容茶”之声誉。 编辑摘要
去 蜀香堂 网站看看，有可能有。他们专门研究 茶与香文化
茶鉴赏手册pdf中国茶文化丛书%D6%D0%B9%FA%B2%E8%CE%C4%BB%AF%B4%D4%CA%E9&from=file&format=
绿茶方面的：This is a good green Is a new Taste very (Anti-aging, anti-bacterial, such as the effectiveness to Reduce Pathogenic Fire)碧螺春方面的：This is a very good Biluochun Is a new Taste very (Such as the role of inhibition of cancer cells)铁观音方面的：This is a good T Is a new Taste very (With anti-fatigue, weight loss, such as the effectiveness of)茉莉花方面的：This is a very good jasmine Is a new Taste very (Jasmine tea good for skin)
纯净袋装冲泡，混合柠檬显著地品质，同时又蕴含姜的“温润”
P代表： Pekoe 带有白毫的嫩芽 O代表： Orange 嫩芽完全没有叶绿素如橘色般的意思 B代表： Broken 碎型茶 F代表： Fanning 片型茶 指BOP筛选下来的小片茶叶。 D代表： Dust 枌尘状般的细末茶 筛选到最后的粉末状碎屑。多以茶包型式出现。 G代表： Golden 黄金色的光辉。 T代表： Tip 含有大量新芽。 S代表： Souchong 小种红茶。 1代表： 1 代表在该等级里为顶尖的级次。 OP(Orange Pekoe):常见的等级指的是叶片较长较大而完整的茶叶。 BOP(Broken Orange Pekoe)制成较细碎的OP，叶片较小。滋味较浓重，一般适合用来冲泡奶茶。 FOP(Flowery Orange Pekoe) 含有较多芽叶的红茶。 TGFOP(Tippy Golden Flowery Orange Pekoe):含有较多金黄芽叶的红茶。 FTGFOP(Fine Tippy Golden Flowery Orange Pekoe):经过精细地揉捻精制而成的高品质茶叶。 SFTGFOP(Special Fine Tippy Golden Flowery Orange Pekoe):多了「Spepecil」一字，自然粉高贵罗。 采摘,picking 萎凋,withering 晒青,sunshine withering 做青,making green 杀青,water removing 揉捻,rolling 做形,shaping 整形提毫,trimming & tipping 窨花,scenting 辉干,final roasting 精制,refining
以下是“中国”茶叶的历史：======================History of Chinese Tea======================Chinese tea consists of tea leaves which have been processed using methods inherited from CAccording to popular legend, tea was discovered by Chinese Emperor Shennong (Shen Nung, Shen Nong, The Yan Emperor, The Emperor of the five grains) in 2737 BC when a leaf from a Camilla sinensis tree fell into water the emperor was Not everyone agrees on the origin, but no one disputes that tea is deeply woven into the history and culture of C The beverage is considered one of the seven necessities of Chinese life, along with firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce and Some writers classify tea into four categories, green, white, black and Others add categories for red, scented and compressed All of these come from varieties of the Camilla sinensis Chinese flower tea (花茶), while popular, is not a true Most Chinese tea is consumed in China and is not Green tea is the most popular type of tea used in CWithin these main categories of tea are vast varieties of individual Some researchers have counted more than Others put the number at more than 1, Some of the variations are due to different strains of the Camilla The popular Tie Guan Yin 铁观音, for example, is traced back to a single plant discovered in Anxi 安溪 in the Fujian Other teas draw some of their characteristics from local growing The largest factor in the wide variations comes from differences in processing after the tea is White and green teas are cooked soon after picking to prevent oxidization, often called fermentation, caused by natural enzymes in the Oolong teas are partially Black and red teas are fully Other differences come from variations in the processing Chinese Tea HistoryTea (Camellia sinensis) is native to C The ancient Chinese used them for medical purposes, then developed the infusion we know as tea; to this day tea is said to purge the digestive system of 'toxins' Later the Chinese learned to grow tea plants and use their leaves to make various types of Many different types of tea were grown during each of the dynasties in CThe Tang DynastyA list of the differing grades of tea grown in the Tang Dynasty:Premier Grade Tea: Xiazhou, Guangzhou, Huzhou, Yuezhou, P Second Grade Tea: Jingzhou, Ranzhou, Changzhou, M Third Grade Tea: Shouzhou, Hangzhou, Muzhou, Hengzhou, Taizhou, Xuanzhou, Yiazhou, L Fourth Grade Tea: Jinzhou, Lianzhou, Huangzhou, Sozhou, Yunzhou, Hanzhou, M Tea dates back to the West Zhou Period in ancient China, when the Chinese used tea as Since then, tea leaves have been eaten as vegetables, used as medicine, and, since the Han dynasty, infused in boiling water, the new drink making tea into a major There are many different kinds of The three basic categories are non-oxidised green tea, semi-oxidised oolong tea, and fully oxidised black All true teas are usually made from the same type of plant, “Camellia Sinensis”, although some teas are flavored with other plants and Tea is made through a very long and delicate procedure where young tea leaves are picked, steamed or pan fried, then dried and sifted, and finally distributed to wherever they need to The flavor of tea varies depending on how it is Many people drink tea because of its health Tea promotes in occasions digestion[citation needed], is rich in vitamins, and brings a feeling of relaxation when you drink The Song DynastyTea was an important crop during the Song D Tea farms covered 242 This included expensive tribute tea; tea from Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, where some was exported to Southeast Asian and the Arab In the Song Dynasty, tea started to be pressed into tea cake, some embossed with patterns of the dragon and the Phoenix and was called exotic names including:Large Dragon tea cake, Small Dragon tea cake, Surpass Snow Dragon ball cake, Fine Silver Sprout, Cloud Leaf, Gold Money, Jade Flower, Inch of Gold, Longevity Sprout, Eternal Spring Jade Leave, Dragon in the Clouds, Longevity Dragon Sprout, Dragon Phoenix and Flower, Eternal Spring Silver SThe Ming DynastyMing dynasty scholar 文震亨 Wen Zhenheng's book 长物志 Zhang Wu Zhi (On Superfluous Things) chapter 12 contains description of several famous Ming dynasty teas:Tiger Hill Tea and Heaven Pool TeaDuring this time Tiger Hill Tea was purportedly developed as (still) the finest tea in the world, however, the production quantity was rather small, and growing is regulated by the Chinese Some, however, consider its taste to be second to Heaven Pool Zhen HJie TeaJie Tea from Chang Xing of Zhejiang is superb and highly regarded, though rather Those from Jing Qi find it is slightly NB: "Jie" is the short hame for "Luo Jie" Luo Jie was the name of a mountain bordering Zhejiang and Jing Qi (in the Ming dynasty), where "jie"-- meant Chang Xin was south of Luo Jie mountain, Jing Qi was north of Luo J Chang Xin retains its name till Luo Jie tea from Gu Chu mountain in Chang Xing county in Zhejiang was also known as Gu Chu Voilet S Gu Chu Voilet Shoot had been imperial tribute tea since the Tang dynasty for nearly nine hundred years until the middle of the Qin Gu Chu Voilet Shoot was revived again in the seventies as a top grade tea in CNB Jin Qi is now called Yi Xin Jin Qi tea was also known as Yang Xian Ruo Leaves are leaves from Indocalamus tessellatus The leaf is about 45 cm Liu An Tea"Liu An" tea is used for Chinese medicine, although if it is not baked right, it cannot let out its aroma and has a bitter The inherent quality of this tea is actually quite Wen ZhenhengNote: Liu An is a county in A Liu An tea is still produced from Liu An county in Anhui province in C The Liu An tea from the Bat Cave of Jin Zai county is of superior quality, as thousand of bats in the cave can provide an ideal fertilizer for the tea Song Luo TeaSong Luo tea is manufactured at Song Luo mountain located north of Xiu Ning township in An Hui proovince in C The tea farms are scattered between a height of six to seven hundred meters on the There is no real Song Luo tea outside an area of a dozen mu* and only one or two families possess the refined skill to prepare Song Luo Recently the tea hand-baked by mountain monks is even Genuine Song Luo tea is produced at the foot of the Dong Shan (Cave Hill) and on top of the Tian Chi (Heaven Pool), highly treasured by people in Xin An It is also a favourite for the people of Nan Du and Qu Zong counties, due to its ease in brewing and intense One mu = 667 square Dragon Well Tea and Eyes on Heaven TeaLong Jing and Tian Mu may match Heaven Pool tea due to the weather in their growing Because the cold season comes earlier to the mountains, there is abundant snow in the winter, hence the tea plants germinate [Wen Zhenheng]Long Jing tea is manufactured in the West Lake district in Hangzhou city, C There is a Longjing (Dragon Well) on the Feng Huang Tian Mu mountain is located in Lin An county in the north west of Zhejiang There are two 1500-meter peaks, each with a pond on top filled with crystal clear water looking like an eye, hence the name of Eyes on H