发布时间：
首先来看一下问题“英语学术文献翻译”，重点并非在于“英语”而是在于“学术文献”。因此，推荐百度、有道、谷歌这些就没有太大意义了。正是由于这些通用的翻译工具无法应对学术文献翻译，所以才寻求北京译顶科技人工翻译。
不需要
外文文献，就是你毕业论文中所参考到的外国相关文献。不一定要原文引用，比如你采纳了其中一个论点，或者论据都行，总的来说就是参考文献，你引用也好借鉴也好，都行。
外文文献翻译成中文文献会根据文献的性质和学科属性用《中图法》来分类。A 马克思主义、列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论 N 自然科学总论B 哲学、宗教 O 数理科学和化学C 社会科学总论 P 天文学、地球科学D 政治、法律 Q 生物科学E 军事 R 医药、卫生F 经济 S 农业科学G 文化、科学、教育、体育 T 工业技术H 语言、文字 U 交通运输I 文学 V 航空、航天J 艺术 X 环境科学、安全科学K 历史、地理 Z 综合性图书 二、简 表（到二级）A 马克思主义、列宁主义、毛泽东思想1 马克思、恩格斯著作2 列宁著作3 斯大林著作4 毛泽东著作5 马克思、恩格斯、列宁、斯大林、毛泽东著作汇编7 马克思、恩格斯、列宁、斯大林、毛泽东的生平和传纪8 马克思主义、列宁主义、毛泽东思想学习和研究B 哲学0 哲学理论1 世界哲学2 中国哲学3 亚洲哲学4 非洲哲学5 欧洲哲学6 大洋洲哲学7 美洲哲学80 思维科学81 逻辑学82 伦理学83 美学84 心理学9 无神论、宗教C 会科学总论1 社会科学现状、概况2 机关、团体、会议3 社会科学研究方法4 社会科学教育、教学5 社会科学参考工具书8 统计学91 社会学92 人口学93 管理学[94]系统论（系统学、系统工程）96 人才学D 政治、法律0 政治理论1/3 共产主义运动、共产党4 工人、农民、妇女运动与组织45 青年、学生运动与组织5/7 世界各国政治8 外交、国际关系9 法律E 军事O 军事理论1 世界各国军事2 军事史3 军事技术4 合成军5 陆军6 海军7 空军81 战略导弹部队82 公安部队、武装警察83 民兵84 其它军队F 经济0 政治经济学1 世界各国经济概况、经济史、经济地理2 经济计划与管理3 农业经济4 工业经济5 交通运输经济6 邮电经济7 贸易经济G 文化、科学、教育、体育0 文化理论1 世界各国文化事业概况2 信息与知识传播3 科学、科学研究4 教育8 体育H 语言、文字0 语言学1 汉语2 中国少数民族语言3 常用外国语4 诸语系、语言9 国际辅助语I 文学0 文学理论1 文学作品综合集2 诗歌作品3 戏剧作品4 小说作品5 报告文学作品6 散文作品69 杂著作品7 民间文学作品8 儿童文学作品9 少数民族文学99 宗教文学作品J 艺术0 艺术理论1 世界各国艺术概况2 美术3 连环图画、低幼画册4 音乐、舞蹈5 戏剧、电影、电视艺术K 历史、地理0 史学理论1 世界史2 中国史3/7各国史81 传记85 文物考古89 风俗习惯9 地理N 自然科学总论0 自然科学理论与方法论1 自然科学现状、概况2 自然科学机关、团体、会议3 自然科学研究方法4 自然科学教育、教学5 自然科学丛书、文集、连续性出版物6 自然科学参考工具书7 自然科学文献检索工具书O 数理科学和化学1 数学3 力学4 物理学6 化学8 晶体学P 天文学、地球科学1 天文学2 测绘学3 地球物理学4 气象学5 地质学7 海洋学9 自然地理学Q 生物科学1 普通生物学2 细胞学3 遗传学4 生物学5 生物化学6 分子生物学7 分子生物学81 生物工程学89 环境生物学91 古生物学93 微生物学94 植物学95 动物学96 昆虫学98 人类学R 医药、卫生1 预防医学、卫生学2 中国医学3 基础医学4 临床医学5 内科学6 外科学71 妇产科学72 儿科学73 肿瘤学74 神经病学与精神病学75 皮肤病学与性病学76 耳鼻咽喉科学77 眼科学78 口腔科学78 外国民族医学8 特种医学9 药学S 农业科学1 农业基础科学2 农业工程3 农学（农艺学）4 植物保护5 农作物6 园艺7 林业8 畜牧、兽医、狩猎、蚕、蜂9 水产、渔业T 工业技术TB 一般工业技术TD 矿业工程TE 石油、天然气工业TF 冶金工业TG 金属学、金属工艺TH 机械、仪表工业TJ 武器工业TK 动力工程TL 原子能技术TM 电工技术TN 无线电电子学、电信技术TP 自动化技术、计算技术TQ 化学工业TS 轻工业、手工业TU 建筑科学TV 水利工程U 交通运输1 综合运输2 铁路运输4 公路运输6 水路运输8 航空运输V 航空、航天1 航空、航天技术的研究与探索2 航空4 航天（宇宙航行）7 航空、航天医学X 环境科学、劳动保护科学（安全科学）1 环境科学基础理论2 环境综合研究3 环境保护管理4 灾害及其防治5 环境污染及其防治7 三废处理与综合利用8 环境质量评价与环境监测9 劳动保护科学（安全科学）Z 综合性图书1 丛书2 百科全书、类书3 辞典4 论文集、全集、选集、杂著5 年鉴、年刊6 期月、连续性出版物8 图书目录、文摘、索引
People familiar with the works of klimt the kiss and his paintings and klimt's landscape actually has his very unique beauty, he started late in landscape paintings, his most glorious mural, because clashed with the church, he chose to flee, and began his landscape painting, and give us valuable He adopted the composition of the landscape of refinement, localized microscopic world is showing the macroscopic world, horizon high landscape characteristics of His paintings atmosphere, present us is tender and delicate, like most beautiful There is a wide variety of artistic expression of the landscape, and art is connected with the pure natural person, klimt was achieved a is superb techniques, but in his unique understanding of nature, he has his unique understanding of nature and understanding, and express my But his art of sincerity and the love for the nature and noble pursue is our contemporary arts people need to
Digest:knowledge,ability,quality are three basic essential factors of a new The development and reformation of the art education are finally desided by the comprehensive qualities of those students who stidies art in high normal This essay is based on the developing trend of quality education and the serious challenge in quality for those talents in the new Referring to some common problems ,such as narroe knoeledge,unbalanced comprehensive quality and so on ,which exist in the art education of high normal school,the researchers have made some investigations and thoughts,clarifying that doing the art education of high normal school well has essencial and important to do with improving college students' qualities and proceeding the art key words:normal school,art education,importance
无能为力
The art of thinking about paintingAbstract: the creation of works of art is a kind of complicated mental activities and production activities in the painter, is the real life of the mind Beauty is truth, and it is a high degree of unity of all art must Each artist should be in the works to show his unique beauty feeling and the Real beauty and ugliness reality is the source of art Usually regarded as content, just to show their true art form, but usually only the form, constitute a piece of art of real Art works by means of the image and techniques and convey feelings of aesthetic ideal Keywords: art creation,Art Beauty,Beauty,Ugly,Content
Painting is a visual arts, is a painter living in reality a reflection of the minds of the This reflects a passive rather than mechanical copying of life, but a higher than the re-creation of Painting is a strong personality and emotion of the spirit of color work, is the life and soul out of the collision after the expression of emotion inspired, painting techniques by means of images and ideas to convey the feelings of the author as well as the aesthetic ideal Mr Wu said: the artist is the most beautiful group of people looking forward The artist's vocation is to carry their own blood, of human destiny, the future of the ray of light shown by the sad, thinking lead to infection of I portray people living in the urban fringe of the impression, through the perspective of their own experience to observe changes in the development of the times, the image reveals the human nature with the most kind-hearted, the most pristine, most beautiful I deeply feel that they have a close to my heart, along with my breathing What is a hard nut to crack concrete, may be a move it! However, he never attracted me, touched me deep References: [1], "the essence of art" 〔〕 Herbert B Reed book translation Wang Ke Ping, the Chinese People's University P [2] "Art Society - Contemporary Art and Public Culture" book Zou, Renmin University Press [3] "Famous Historical Paintings in mind" research Yougen Yuan, and the Beijing Library Press可能不太准，将就用一下吧！
What oil painting creation performance is the natural beauty, is to the reality US's again But the beauty of art is not equal to the natural beauty, it is higher than the natural What oil painting work fuck is reality US, the reality China and US's thing or thing US, is the oil painting creation powerful basis or the the reality's life is richly colorful, the fine arts are precisely the multi-color real life create take this kind under certain historic condition as the In regardless of reality human, natural thing or social thing, so long as is related with humanity's social life, may become the fine arts creation the If does not have the richly colorful real life, also will not have the so-called fine Certainly, in reality some not US or clown's thing, may also become the fine arts creation the basis, reflects to the fine arts, realizes the processing transformation after the painter to become the fine arts work esthetically the beauty of in fact, the people have many misunderstandings to art and US The people always thought that art is US; Everything not beautiful is not art, the clown is to the artistic In fact, art not necessarily is US Was said that the fine arts already could create reality US according to US's reality, could also act according to the clown the fuck reflection realistic clown, and caused the realistic clown through the esthetic creation to transform as the beauty of fuck can the beautiful art display ugly? Regarding the artist, the question does not lie in the performance object ugliness, but lies in must to make the remarkable performance
What oil painting creation performance is the natural beauty, is to the reality US's again But the beauty of art is not equal to the natural beauty, it is higher than the natural What oil painting work reflection is reality US, the reality China and US's thing or thing US, is the oil painting creation powerful basis or the the reality's life is richly colorful, the fine arts are precisely the multi-color real life create take this kind under certain historic condition as the In regardless of reality human, natural thing or social thing, so long as is related with humanity's social life, may become the fine arts creation the If does not have the richly colorful real life, also will not have the so-called fine Certainly, in reality some not US or clown's thing, may also become the fine arts creation the basis, reflects to the fine arts, realizes the processing transformation after the painter to become the fine arts work esthetically the beauty of in fact, the people have many misunderstandings to art and US The people always thought that art is US; Everything not beautiful is not art, the clown is to the artistic In fact, art not necessarily is US Was said that the fine arts already could create reality US according to US's reality, could also act according to the clown the reality reflection realistic clown, and caused the realistic clown through the esthetic creation to transform as the beauty of Why can the beautiful art display ugly? Regarding the artist, the question does not lie in the performance object ugliness, but lies in must to make the remarkable performance
[1] 王聪．需求工程的形式化方法[J]．军事通信技术，2008，（1）Wang [1] as the formalization ways of requirements engineering [J] Journal of military communication technology, 2008, (1)[2] 赵天行，罗军，魏薇．基于框架视图应急救援系统需求工程建模研[2] Zhao Tianhang Luo Jun, wei View based on the framework of emergency rescue system requirements engineering modeling research究[J]．科技资讯，2010，（9）Investigate [J] Journal of information science and technology, 2010, (9)[3] 姚冉．开源软件开发中的需求工程[J]．信息与电脑( 理论版)，[3] yao Open source software development of requirements engineering [J] Journal of information and computer (theory),2010，（3）2010, (3)[4] 吴明珠，徐俊．基于CMMI 的需求工程实施方法研究[J]．软件,[4] pearl wu jun Requirements engineering implementation method based on CMMI study [J] Journal of software,2009，（1）2009, (1)[5] 戴昌裕，杨增强．软件需求工程中常见问题及解决办法[J]．软件,[5] Dai Changyu zeng-qiang Y Common problems and solutions in software requirements engineering [J] Journal of software,2009，（3）2009, (3)[6] 李德毅．需求工程——对复杂系统的软件工程的基础研究[J]．中[6] de-yi Requirements engineering, the basic research of software engineering of complex system [J]国基础科学，2009，（2）The basic science, 2009, (2)[7] 梁正平，明仲，毋国庆．多视点需求工程中视点集成过程的研究[J][7] Liang Zhengping MingZhong, no National D Multiple viewpoints of requirements engineering point of view the integration process of research [J]计算机科学，2009，（8）Computer science, 2009, (8)[8] 喻超，毋国庆．基于问题域与视点代理的需求工程研究[J]．计算[8] YuChao, no National D Based on the problem domain and viewpoint agent requirements engineering research [J] Journal of computing机工程与科学，2006，（1）Machine engineering and science, 2006, (1)[9] 林云．需求工程原理在软件开发中的应用[J]．软件，2008，（2）[9] Lin Y Requirements engineering principle in the application of software development [J] Journal of software, 2008, (2)
清北医学翻译有双语专家，过硬的学术背景，找他们肯定行。
中文名的英语写法是Liu L,Zhang W 为了免于出错你可以把所有名字都写上，或者用代替吧，不过这种方法很少见啊，你知道答案的话我也学习一下哈。
这些中文参考文献TheseC参考(reference的名词复数);证明书;（为方便查询所用的）标记;（帮助或意见的）征求形近词：interferencesdifferencescircumferencespreferencesinferences双语例句ThedateofthedocumentcanbededucedfromreferencestotheCivilW这份文件的日期可以从其中多次提到内战之处进行推断。
欧洲的
人物画figure painting人物素描character sketch人体画nude毛笔画brush drawing中国水墨画Chinese ink painting (／drawing)中国画(traditional)Chinese painting巨幅画像huge portrait水彩画water colour painting；watercolour水墨画ink painting；washdrawing半身画像half-length figure(／portrait)古典绘画classical painting古画ancient painting石版画lithograph自画像self-portrait全身画像full-length figure；whole-length portrait版画print工笔画fine brushwork 木版画wood-block print木刻画woodcut；wood engraving肖像portrait；portraiture；icon拼贴画collage．黑白素描sketch in black and white丝网版画screen printing铅笔画pencil drawing(／sketch／work)裸体人物画nude写生画sketching写意画free sketch；freehand brushwork赝品fake drawing绘画drawing；painting代表作representative works形象image花卉flower and plant花鸟flower and bird信笔涂抹doodle草草几笔few swift strokes纸裱paper mounting真迹autograph裱装mounting装框framing静物still life冷调cool tonality局部section立体modelling暖调warm tonality宣传画\招贴picture poster；poster城市风景画cityscape风景画landscape (painting)透视perspective 连环画picture-story book；真品genuine painting素描sketch速写quick sketch国画(traditional)Chinese painting现代绘画modern painting插画illustrations画架上作的画easel painting装饰画decorative painting漫画caricature；cartoon静物写生still life sketching静物画still life；still壁画wall painting；fresco 画派Schools of Painting 国画派别 Schools of Chinese Painting人物写实realistic portrait山水风景landscape scenery山水画landscape花卉画flower-and—plant painting；flower piece 花鸟画flower＆bird(／flower—and—bird) painting西画画法western painting method主题\题材subject色彩单调dull colours色彩鲜艳gay colours图案pattern画板drawing board画架drawing easel画框picture frame色调colour tone色调变化colour value均衡balance模特儿model调色板palette批评家 critic艺术批评art criticism策展人,馆长curator策展curate鉴赏appreciate, connoisseurship设计师designer建筑师architect主题motif；theme印象派impressionism自然主义画派naturalism表现派expressionism现代主义modernism野兽派fauvism超现实主义画派surrealism写实派realist school学院派academicism点彩派Pointillism绘画方法painting method 国画画法traditional Chinese painting technique
素描charcoal 平面构成space 立体构成stereoscopic 色彩构成colour 测绘制图geodesy and 展示设计display 家具设计furniture 水粉画基础图案basic 字体设计character 室内设计interior 社会实践social 人体工程学human 园林设计garden 摄影线描透视line 色彩透视colour 版式设计format 装饰设计decoration 电脑美术设计computer art 建筑构造与材料building and 中外设计史designing history of China and foreign 中外美术史art history of China and foreign 速写literary
你们哪学校的？这么惨！我们美术节节看电影的说＝ ＝，