发布时间：
参考文献标号m——专著（含古籍中的史、志论著）c——论文集n——报纸文章j——期刊文章d——学位论文r——研究报告s——标准p——专利a——专著、论文集中的析出文献z——其他未说明的文献类型电子文献类型以双字母作为标识：db——数据库cp——计算机程序eb——电子公告非纸张型载体电子文献，在参考文献标识中同时标明其载体类型：db/ol——联机网上的数据库db/mt——磁带数据库m/cd——光盘图书cp/dk——磁盘软件j/ol——网上期刊eb/ol——网上电子公告一、参考文献著录格式1、期刊作者．题名〔j〕．刊名，出版年，卷(期)∶起止页码2、专著作者．书名〔m〕．版本(第一版不著录)．出版地∶出版者，出版年∶起止页码3、论文集作者．题名〔c〕．编者．论文集名，出版地∶出版者，出版年∶起止页码4、学位论文作者．题名〔d〕．保存地点．保存单位．年份5、专利文献题名〔p〕．国别．专利文献种类．专利号．出版日期6、标准编号．标准名称〔s〕7、报纸作者．题名〔n〕．报纸名．出版日期(版次)8、报告作者．题名〔r〕．保存地点．年份9、电子文献作者．题名〔电子文献及载体类型标识〕．文献出处，日期二、文献类型及其标识1、根据gb3469规定，各类常用文献标识如下：①期刊〔j〕②专著〔m〕③论文集〔c〕④学位论文〔d〕⑤专利〔p〕⑥标准〔s〕⑦报纸〔n〕⑧技术报告〔r〕
姓,名第一个字母（大写）（年份）文章名（斜体，每个词首字母大写）（有什么要写的加上）Retrievedfrom网址
[2]ABroader,AMFrieze,EShamir,and EUpfal(作者姓名),Near-perfect Token Distribution（论文名称）, in Random Structures & Algorithms5(1994)（论文发表在的出版物名称（期刊号）或会议名称）又如，[8]FEBustamante and YQiao,Designing Less-structured P2P Systems for the Expected High Churn, in IEEE P2P,
Theredrosewhispersofpassion,Andthewhiterosebreathesoflove;O,theredroseisafalcon,AButIsendyouacream-whiterosebudWithaflushonitspetaltips;ForthelovethatispurestandsweetestHasakissofd去
blessyou——ChinaOnMay12th,8ontheRichterScalehasattackedthevillagewhichwascalledWenchuaninSichuanPIsurfedtheIIfellverydistressedthatwhenITHButfortunately,IChinaisagreatnation!Chineseareallgreatpeople!GreatChinesemustdefeatallthedifficultiestheymeetatlast!Ibelieveandblessyou——China——mygreatmotherland!Inthesoundofthewhistle,theMThisisasadmoment:themothers,fathers,sons,daughters,wives,husbands,lovers,teachers,students,friends,colleagues,neighbours…at14:28onMay12beforethedull,busy,hope,Disappointed,sad,happy……Today'sWenchuanFestivals,Life,Man'Pro-peopledidnotleave,Intheruinsofthebabycryingsound,calleda"Wenchuan"newlife,第2篇Brokenheart,tendtobecomeveryfragile,post-disasterreconstruction,thefirmhasbecomeparticularlyimportant,threeminutesafterwewipedawaytears,wecannotZaiku,tobravelylive,becausetheirrelativesinheavenWewatched,Tongbuyusheng,sadtotacticisnottheirwishtosee,goodtolivein,theyaretoourexpectations,thinkaboutthis,ithastheruinstolifeforthelifeofthemother,"DearBaby,ifCanyoulive,tokeepinmindthatmotherloveyou";thinkthatinordertosavetheexpenseoffourchildrenandteachers,wegotothesefamilymembers,intheirownlivestogiveusanopportunitytoalive,Tothem,第3篇Thedeceasedhaveto,towardtheheaven,wheretherewillbenomoredisasters,therewillbenomoretears,butforthosewhosurvivedthedisasterinthecompatriots,alivetobecomeachallenge,lettheminaninstantdisasterSeparatedfromtheexperienceoflifeanddeath,themotherandsonhavedeepmoods,oncethehusbandandwifelovedeachother,butnowtheyhadtobeparting,thetwoseparated,disaster,notonlytheirphysicaldestruction,destructionoftheirsoul,fleshwoundsovertimeslowlyhealing,canbethesoulofgrief,butnotsofarrecoveredpieces,post-quakereconstructionoftheirhomescan,wecanevenbuildtheirhomesmorebeautiful,butforus,moreimportantishowtobuildtheirownspiritualhome,howtoaskThesoul-第4篇WeallChinesepeople,isalifelonghardtoforgettheday,becausetodayisthe"nationalcrisis,"SadnessWenchuan,thecountrywassad,weusesuchaway,tocommemoratethoseinearthquakeInthepassingawayofrelatives,weusedthisasawayforthemcameinontheroadtowardheaven,Ihopetheywillbewellalltheway,whentheylookbackattheearth,willseetensofthousandsoftheircompatriotshand-foot-,Lookuptotheskyprayforthem,sotheywillnotbealone,notlonely。
楼上的那是高中要求，今年高考我就背了那篇的．DearfriendsI'TLotsofhousesfelldownandsomeofyoucan'Pleasedon'youshouldbelieveintheParty,YourheartshouldbefullofwishesbecausetheParty,thegovernmentandthepeoplearewithyouallthetime,TTheygiveawaytheirmoneyandmanythingsforyou,SInthefuture,亲爱的朋友们我很抱歉听到一地震发生到您的家乡．地震摧毁你家乡．很多房子倒下和你们当中有些人无法看到您的家庭有任何更多。请不要觉得悲伤．你应该相信，在党，政府和人民你的心应充满希望，因为党，政府和人民是与大家的时间，和他们照顾对你．他们尽力解决您的问题他们为你牺牲了很多钱财，并向社会发出倡议为你捐款．因此，你应该照顾好自己．在将来，你应该做一些有用的为我们的国家报答他们的爱。这个简单吧！
地震知识大全(中英文版)-05-22/shtml
外文书籍的中文翻译版本作参考文献，格式应该如下所示：[1] [美]Bruce EC++编程思想[M]刘综田,等,译北京:机械工业出版社,2000。[2] [美]William Ford,等 数据结构C++语言描述(第2版)[M]陈君,译北京:清华大学出版社,2003。原作者译文名[M]译者出版地：出版者，出版年：引文页码。参考文献标准格式是指为了撰写论文而引用已经发表的文献的格式，根据参考资料类型可分为专著[M]，会议论文集[C]，报纸文章[N]，期刊文章[J]，学位论文[D]，报告[R]，标准[S]，专利[P]，论文集中的析出文献[A]，杂志[G]。格式代号根据参考资料类型可分为：专著[M]，会议论文集[C]，报纸文章[N]，期刊文章[J]，学位论文[D]，报告[R]，标准[S]，专利[P]，论文集中的析出文献[A]，杂志[G]。电子文献类型：数据库[DB]，计算机[CP]，电子公告[EB]。电子文献的载体类型：互联网[OL]，光盘[CD]，磁带[MT]，磁盘[DK]。以上内容参考：百度百科-参考文献标准格式
编号。翻译出来的参考书目按以下格式编排，作者名；如果只有一个作者，出版单位。根据这个原则翻译外文参考书目，中间是教名,”再排名，年份，地名，可以缩写或不写姓名，年份和版次:出版单位，作者（英文名字在前，书名：编号，加“；若多个作者，通常不写教名，亦可先排姓，姓在后，《书名》。希望我的回答可以对你有帮助，排在后面的名字需要使用缩写格式），版次外文参考书目的格式如下
第二个问题 第二段issue no 2No= number
参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下：M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。对于英文参考文献，还应注意以下两点：①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则，具体格式是： 姓，名字的首字母 如： Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为：Cowley, MR，如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为：Norris, F & IG；②书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：Mastering English Literature，English Weekly。[2] （美）Bruce Eckel著． C++编程思想．刘综田等译．北京：机械工业出版社，2000[3] （美）William Ford等著． 数据结构C++语言描述（第2版）．陈君译鸡北京：清华大学出版社，2003
故宫是从明朝中期到清朝末期的中国帝王宫殿。它坐落在中国北京中心，现在是故宫博物院。故宫博物群包括800座建筑共8886个房间。占地720，000平方米。1987年故宫作为“明清皇陵”被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗址之一，其入选理由是世界现存最大的木制建筑。The Forbidden City was the Chinese Imperial palace from the mid-Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing D It is located in the middle of Beijing, C It now houses the Palace M The complex consists of 800 buildings with 8,886 It covers 720,000 square The Forbidden City was declared a World Heritage Site in 1987 as the "Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties",[1] and is listed by UNESCO as the largest collection of preserved ancient wooden structures in the
The Forbidden City was the Chinese Imperial palace from the mid-Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing D It is located in the middle of Beijing, C It now houses the Palace MThe complex consists of 800 buildings with 8,886 It covers 720,000 square The Forbidden City was declared a World Heritage Site in 1987 as the "Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties",[1] and is listed by UNESCO as the largest collection of preserved ancient wooden structures in the
The Forbidden City was the Chinese Imperial palace from the mid-Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing D It is located in the middle of Beijing, C It now houses the Palace M The complex consists of 800 buildings with 8,886 It covers 720,000 square The Forbidden City was declared a World Heritage Site in 1987 as the "Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties",[1] and is listed by UNESCO as the largest collection of preserved ancient wooden structures in the
第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华，受母亲影响，喜欢中国传统手工艺刺绣。最近，得知你的英国朋友Lisa正在苏州学习刺绣。请你给她写封邮件，内容包括：询问学习情况；分享你的作品；希望保持交流。注意：词数80左右；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。注:刺绣 embroidery范文：高考英语作文热点话题（含必备词汇和范文）中国传统文化出题方向： 传统文化与现代文明的关系 民俗、民风、民族特色 文化担当与自信 文化传承与传播必备词汇： Lantern Festival 元宵节 Embroidery 刺绣 Double-Ninth Festival 重阳节 Tomb Sweeping Day 清明节 paper cutting 剪纸 Siheyuan/Quadrangle 四合院 Warring States 战国 Kunqu Opera 昆曲 Flower Drum Song 花鼓戏 Confucian culture 儒家文化 Chinese knotting 中国结 hot pot 火锅 South Regions of the Yangtze River 江南 Tang Poetry 唐诗 Tang Dynasty 唐朝 Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节 lunar calendar 农历 the Palace Museum 故宫博物院 traditional Chinese festivals 中国传统节日 protecting traditional Chinese culture 保护中国传统文化 the four great inventions of ancient China 中国古代四大发明 The Book of Songs/Classic of Poetry 《诗经》 Records of the Grand Historian 《史记》The Story of the Stone 《红楼梦》 Journey to the West 《西游记》范文Protecting TraditionalChinese CultureProtecting traditional Chinese culture is of great importance to China's cultural diversity, economic prosperity, and social The government in Guangdong province has made it their mission to protect Chaoju (潮剧), a local form of drama that began in Chaozhou in eastern GIn my opinion, specific measures should be taken to protect traditional Chinese To start with, we should make appropriate laws for everyone to Also, we should educate people about the need to protect traditional The more the public knows about it, the more support we can It's time that we start treasuring our own valuable 科技与创新出题方向： 科技创新的作用 科技改变生活 科技对民族、国家发展的作用必备词汇： innovation 创新 science科学 technology 技术 high-speed railway 高铁 artificial intelligence（AI） 人工智能 big data 大数据 ability to innovate 创新能力 scientific and technological innovation 科技创新 scientific and technological progress 科学技术进步 modernization of science and technology 科学技术现代化 have a major influence on politics, the economy, and society 对政治、经济、社会有重要影响范文The development of science and technology has brought about many changes in people's Modern technology makes life more Using the Internet is popular Years ago, people had to look through a lot of information just to buy what they It was easy for people to spend too much time doing research and become tired as a Now, all you have to do is use the I It's a piece of cake!With the development of science and technology, including high-speed transportation, video phones, and webcam meetings, the world has become smaller and We all hope that modern technology will continue to reach the highest level, because science and technology make life more enjoyable 家庭与时代出题方向：国家经济、科技的发展和繁荣时代发展与个人、家庭的关系新时代，家人、朋友间的相处方式新时代，父母对孩子的教育（快速发展的社会增加了父母的焦虑，害怕孩子输在起跑线上，过早的开发孩子的智力，增大了他们的压力）必备词汇： economy 经济 development 发展 prosperity 繁荣 communicate with parents efficiently 和父母更高效地交流 play an important role in our lives 在我们的生活中发挥重要的作用 increase your child's stress 增加孩子的压力 the rapid development of society 社会的快速发展ake many parents feel more worried 使得许多父母感到更加担忧大国风采出题方向： 大国智慧 担当 助力全球发展 共同繁荣 软实力影响 自信 走向世界必备词汇： diplomatic 外交 responsibility 责任 confident 自信 harmony 和谐 balanced 平衡的 social order 社会秩序 peaceful 和平的 sustainable development 可持续发展 help other countries develop 助力其他国家发展 live in harmony 和谐共处环境保护与生态文明出题方向： 经济发展与环境的关系 生态文明 保护环境的重要性 人与自然和谐相处 绿色、开放，共享发展必备词汇： pollute 污染 cut down trees 砍伐树木 waste water废水 throw garbage everywhere 乱扔垃圾 protect your surroundings 保护周边环境 improve the environment 改善环境 save energy 节省能源 do great harm to 给……带来很大危害 public morals 社会道德 ecological civilization 生态文明 devote to 献身 be public/spirited 有公德心的 sharing development 共享发展范文Dear Bill,I'm glad I received your Thank you for caring about the weather and my Now, I'd like to tell you something about Since winter last year, there has been a lot of It has done great harm to our daily Many traffic accidents happened just because of the heavy Quite a few flights had to be rescheduled, and many people had to go to the doctor because of serious diseases caused by the People have realized that smog causes great harm, and people all over the country know that protecting the environment is the most important thing to The government suggests that people go to work or school on public transportation, such as the bus and the Also we should plant more As to me, I always go to school by bike or on foot, and I never throw garbage In addition, I will tell everyone I meet to protect the environment as much as they Would you like to tell me some good ideas? I'm looking forward to your Li Hua人际关系和情感态度出题方向： 表达你对老师、朋友、亲人的感激之情 表达对朋友、亲人的祝愿 陈述与他们之间难忘的事 阐述如何与他们建立良好的关系必备词汇： lonely 孤独的 upset 难过的 nervous 紧张的 be worried about 担忧，担心 get angry with about 因某事生某人的气 be confident in 对某事有信心 learn from each other 互相学习 promote friendship 增进友谊 build a good relationship 建立良好的关系 show love and concern for 爱护关心某人 get closer to each other 彼此走得更近范文Dear M Zhang,I'm writing to express my sincere gratitude to You gave me a hand when it was very One month ago, with the College Entrance Examination around the corner, I was nervous and in low I was afraid of letting my parents down because of my average academic When I was at the point of giving up, you asked me to go to your Instead of blaming me, you comforted me and discussed with me my reasons for failing the You managed to help me with my studies and always inspired Gradually, I learned how to make my own Thanks to you, I stayed calm during the College Entrance EM Zhang, I'm extremely grateful for what you have done for I will always have hope because of I wish you happiness and good Sincerely yours,第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 续写的词数应为150左右。I received an urgent call from my " Turn on the TV Granny's on the Channel 10 " It turned out that Granny had made a sandwich run for her office and was stopped at a red light She had the window rolled down to enjoy the breeze when a man rushed up to the driver's side window, intending to carjack （劫车）Now, what the would-be carjacker couldn't have known was that this woman simply wasn't " a granny" This was Nancy Johnson — the same woman who owned and lived on a Texas cattle farm, drove her own tractors, and dug her own post holes to lay The week before, she had shot a rattlesnake and chopped off its head with a shovel She was the proud owner of the new minivan （小型货车）she was In other words, she was not your normal kind of The carjacker leaned into the open window, one hand stuffed in his pocket, and said, " Get out of this I have a gun, and I will shoot ” A statement like that would have terrified anyone Instead, Granny saw it as a " If you really had a gun in your pocket, you would've pulled it out and led with that first," she shouted at him, apparently She was The criminal didn't have a He instead reached into the window, grabbed her, and tried to pull her out of the He pulled open the door, wildly catching Granny's Granny leaned her shoulder inside to press the horn （喇叭) and started yelling to make people around notice what was With the door now open, she held tight the steering wheel with one arm and started kicking the man anywhere her foot could make This tall woman had quite a 范文优秀答卷展示读后续写评分标准
楼上强大。。我想说楼主必然还是学生，据我所知大学的在线图书馆都有极其强大的database数据库，你可以去数据库找找资料，会有很多。。。。