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《国际贸易》参考文献目录（1）Steven Husted, Michael Melvin, International Economics[M], (the fifth edition)，高等教育出版社，2002，影印版（2）Dominick Salvatore, International Economics[M], (the fifth edition)，清华大学出版社，1997，影印版（3）保罗．克鲁格曼黄胜强译克鲁格曼国际贸易新理论[M]中国社会科学出版社，2001（4）迈克尔．波特李明轩，邱如美译国家竞争优势[M]华夏出版社，2002（5）陶明，吴申元等服务贸易学[M]山西经济出版社，2001（6）亚当．斯密国民财富的性质和原因的研究[M]商务印书馆，1981（7）大卫．李嘉图政治经济学及赋税原理[M]商务印书馆，1981（8）B俄林地区间贸易与国际贸易[M]商务印书馆，1986（9）朱彤发展中国家在WTO中的地位和利益[M]经济科学出版社，2001（10）温思美农产品国际贸易[M]中国农业出版社，2002（11）陈同仇、薛荣久国际贸易（1997年版）对外经济贸易大学出版社第一章（12）李岳云国际贸易基础中国农业科技出版社第一章（13）杨全发新编国际贸易中山大学出版社第一章（14）《世界经济》杂志（15）《世界经济研究》杂志（16）《国际商报》（17）《国际贸易》杂志（18）《国际贸易问题》杂志（19）《WTO导刊》杂志
李金林国际贸易实务北京大学出版社李溯婉多哈中止中国贸易摩擦将居高不下第一财经日报,李金林我国的市场经济与市场经济地位中国当代经济,2004(12)朱颖美国储蓄不足和全球储蓄过剩是美国贸易逆差产生的根本原因国际贸易问题,李晓“经济主义”时代的中日关系国际经济评论,3－4[1]胡锦涛论农村基层组织建设[J]1当代贵州,2005,(11)1[2]瞿振元,李小云,王秀清中国社会主义新农村建设研究[M]，北京:社会科学文献出版社,[3]建设社会主义新农村学习读本编写组建设社会主义新农村学习读本[Z]，北京:新华出版社,[4]许兴文,许建明转型社会的乡村发展与政府效能研究[M]，北京:中国农业出版社,[5]艾医卫,李健,唐美元提高乡镇行政效能的几点思考[J]，乡镇建设,1999,(9)[6]任翔新形势下乡镇工作的难点和对策[J]，铜仁地委党校学报,2005,(3)[7]龚志兴加强党在农村执政能力建设的途径和方法[J]，党建,2005,(10)[8]杜赞奇王福明译文化、权力与国家———1900～1942年的华北农村[M]，南京:江苏人民出版社,[1]谷祖莎贸易、环境与中国的选择[J],山东大学学报(哲社版),2005,(6)[2]李慕菡,等我国国际贸易中污染产品的跨境转移[J],国际贸易问题,2005,(10)[3]程名望,等国际贸易中环境成本内在化的经济学分析[J],中国地质大学学报,2005,(3)[4]沈亚芳,应瑞瑶对外贸易、环境污染与政策调整[J],国际贸易问题,2005,(1)[5]马丽,等外商投资对地区资源环境影响的机制分析[J],中国软科学,2003,(10)[6]邵宏华,等国际贸易与环境保护[J],世界经济,1996,(12)
浅探当代国际贸易新理论对我国对外贸易战略的启示在我国对外贸易规模不断扩大的今天，要想提高我国的国际竞争力，必须重视国际上20世纪70年代以后兴起的国际贸易新理论，实施创新的对外贸易战略，打造具有国际竞争优势的产业。本文通过研究当代国际贸易理论的新发展对我国外贸发展的启示，分析探讨了我国应该如何制定相应的政策，采取相应的对策来促进我国对外贸易的发展。一、当代国际贸易理论的新进展二战后随着科学技术的进步和生产力的不断发展，国际贸易的规模、商品结构和地区分布也发生了很大变化。经济学家在国际贸易理论研究中不断探索，20世纪70年代以来先后出现的影响较大的国际贸易新理论有以下几种：1、战略性贸易政策理论战略性贸易政策理论产生于2O世纪7O年代以来“新贸易保护主义”盛行的背景之下，由美国经济学家保罗·克鲁格曼等人于2O世纪8O年代中期提出，主要内容包括两方面：（1）以内部规模经济为基础的利润转移理论；（2）以外部规模经济为基础的外部经济理论。2、产业内贸易理论20世纪70年代格鲁贝尔和劳埃德等人开创了产业内贸易理论研究，到20世纪80年代初美国经济学家克鲁格曼进一步推动了这一理论的发展。该理论不同于侧重论述产业间贸易的传统贸易理论，代写毕业论文它侧重研究贸易双方在同一产业中既出口又进口同类异质产品的产业内贸易。在不完全竞争产业中，规模经济和产品差异是产业内贸易形成的决定因素。3、产品生命周期理论产品生命周期理论由美国销售学家弗农于1966年首先提出，经威尔斯、赫希哲等人不断完善。产品生命周期理论认为，由于技术创新和扩散，制成品和生物一样具有生命周期。产品生命周期包括五个阶段：(1)新生期；(2)成长期；(3)成熟期；(4)销售下降期；(5)让与期。4、国家竞争优势理论20世纪80年代以来，美国哈佛大学的迈克尔·波特提出并完善了国家竞争优势理论。国家竞争优势理论与传统比较优势理论和要素禀赋理论不同之处在于，该理论认为一个国家之所以能够兴旺发达，其根本原因在于该国的国际竞争优势，这种竞争优势源于一个相互增强的系统，在这个系统中，有四个关键因素影响一国在国际市场上建立和保持竞争优势的能力，这四个因素是：(1)生产要素；(2)国内需求；(3)相关产业；(4)企业战略、组织和竞争度。二、当代国际贸易新理论对我国对外贸易战略的启示1、积极转化国家的竞争优势比较优势是由一国资源禀赋和交易条件所决定的静态优势，是获取竞争优势的条件。竞争优势则是一种将潜在优势转化为现实优势的综合能力的作用结果。比较优势作为一种潜在优势，只有最终转化为竞争优势，才能形成真正的出口竞争力。根据生产要素禀赋，我国一直以来具有劳动力资源的比较优势，但是，在当今国际市场上劳动密集型产品的比较优势并不一定具有国际竞争优势。要确立把比较优势转换为竞争优势的外贸战略。2、高新技术产业发展至关重要由国际产品生命周期理论可以推知：创新国是国际贸易利益的最大获益者。这是因为：在产品的新生期和成长期，创新国以其技术优势垄断了国内和国际市场，因而可以获得大量超额垄断利润；在产品的成熟期进入所谓的“大规模生产”阶段，创新国可以获得巨额规模经济效益；在产品的销售下降期和让与期，创新国在国外投资建厂，输出其知识产权和品牌，延长其产品的生命周期，在国际市场上继续赚取利润。3、发展高层次产业内贸易是提高对外贸易竞争力的重要手段随着国际经济贸易的发展，产业内贸易在给各贸易国带来贸易利益的同时，Probe into New Theory of International Trade Implications of China Foreign Trade Strategy Growing scale of foreign trade in China today, in order to enhance China's international competitiveness, must pay attention to the international community 70 years after the 20th century Xingqi new theory of international trade, the implementation of the Duiwaimaoyi innovation strategy, create an international competitive advantage in the This paper studies the contemporary new development of international trade theory enlightenment for the development of China's foreign trade, analysis of how China should formulate corresponding policies and take corresponding measures to promote the development of China's foreign First, the contemporary theory of international trade, new progress After World War II with the scientific and technological progress and productivity of the continuous development of international trade size, structure and regional distribution of goods, great changes have taken Theory of international trade economist and continuously explore the 20th century, has emerged since the 70's influential new theory of international trade, the following: 1, Strategic Trade Policy Strategic trade policy arise from 7O 2O century since the "new trade protectionism," the prevalence of background, the US economist Paul Krugman, who in the mid 8O 2O century, proposed, mainly including two aspects : (1) internal economies of scale-based theory of profit transfer; (2) based on external economies of scale external economic 2, intra-industry trade theory 20th century 70s Grubel and Lloyd, who created the industry trade theory, to the early 20th century US economist Paul Krugman of 80 to further promote the development of this The theory is different from the focus on inter-industry trade paper the traditional trade theory, on behalf of my thesis research is focused on trade, both sides in the same industry, the export of products they import the same heterogeneous industry Not perfectly competitive industries, economies of scale and product differentiation is the formation of intra-industry trade 3, the product life cycle theory Product life cycle theory Sales Vernon by the United States first proposed in 1966 by Prince, He Xizhe and others Product life cycle theory, as technological innovation and diffusion, and biological products, like life- Product life cycle consists of five stages: (1) Neonatal; (2) growth stage; (3) maturity; (4) decline of sales; (5) for and 4, Competitive Advantage of Nations Since the 80s of the 20th century, Harvard's Michael Porter and improve the Competitive Advantage of N Competitive Advantage of Nations and the traditional theory of comparative advantage and factor endowments theory of difference is, the theory that a country has been able to flourish, and the fundamental reason is the country's international competitive advantage, this competitive advantage derived from a mutually reinforcing system, in this system, there are four key factors that affect a country in the international market, establish and maintain a competitive edge in the ability of these four factors are: (1) factors of production; (2) domestic demand; (3) related industries ; (4) business strategy, organizational and competitive Second, the contemporary theory of international trade on China's foreign trade strategy for new inspiration 1, the positive transformation of the national competitive advantage Comparative advantage in natural resources by a country and trading conditions determine the static strengths are the conditions for competitive Competitive advantage is a way to advantage the potential into real ability to effect the comprehensive Comparative advantage as a potential advantage, only the final into a competitive advantage, to form a real export According to the production factor endowment, along with China's comparative advantage in labor resources, but in today's international market, the comparative advantage of labor-intensive products do not necessarily have an international competitive To establish the comparative advantages into competitive advantages in foreign trade 2, high-tech industries vital to the development By the international product life cycle theory can be deduced: Innovation is the international trade interests of the country's biggest This is because: the product of Neonatal and growth, innovation and technical superiority of its state monopoly of domestic and international markets, and thus get a lot of excess monopoly profits; in product maturity into the so-called "mass production" stage, innovation States can get huge economies of scale; in product sales were down period and give and of innovation invest and build factories in foreign countries, the output of its intellectual property and brand to extend its product life Zhou Qi, in the international market continue to make a 3, the development of high-level intra-industry trade is to improve the competitiveness of an important means of foreign trade With the international economic and trade development, intra-industry trade in all trading nations to bring trade interests, 翻译为：
What Is International Trade? If you walk into a supermarket and are able to buy South American bananas, Brazilian coffee and a bottle of South African wine, you are experiencing the effects of international International trade allows us to expand our markets for both goods and services that otherwise may not have been available to It is the reason why you can pick between a Japanese, German and American As a result of international trade, the market contains greater competition and therefore more competitive prices, which bring a cheaper product home to the What Is International Trade?International trade is the exchange of goods and services between This type of trade gives rise to a world economy, in which prices, or supply and demand, affect and are affected by global Political change in Asia, for example, could result in an increase in the cost of labor, thereby increasing the manufacturing costs for an American sneaker company based in Malaysia, which would then result in an increase in the price that you have to pay to buy the tennis shoes at your local A decrease in the cost of labor, on the other hand, would result in you having to pay less for your new Trading globally gives consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to goods and services not available in their own Almost every kind of product can be found on the international market: food, clothes, spare parts, oil, jewelry, wine, stocks, currencies and Services are also traded: tourism, banking, consulting and A product that is sold to the global market is an export, and a product that is bought from the global market is an Imports and exports are accounted for in a country's current account in the balance of (For more on this, see the articles What Is The Balance Of Payments? and Understanding The Current Account In The Balance Of P)Increased Efficiency of Trading GloballyGlobal trade allows wealthy countries to use their resources - whether labor, technology or capital - more Because countries are endowed with different assets and natural resources (land, labor, capital and technology), some countries may produce the same good more efficiently and therefore sell it more cheaply than other If a country cannot efficiently produce an item, it can obtain the item by trading with another country that This is known as specialization in international Let's take a simple Country A and Country B both produce cotton sweaters and Country A produces 10 sweaters and six bottles of wine a year while Country B produces six sweaters and 10 bottles of wine a Both can produce a total of 16 Country A, however, takes three hours to produce the 10 sweaters and two hours to produce the six bottles of wine (total of five hours) Country B, on the other hand, takes one hour to produce 10 sweaters and three hours to produce six bottles of wine (total of four hours)But these two countries realize that they could produce more by focusing on those products with which they have a comparative Country A then begins to produce only wine and Country B produces only cotton Each country can now create a specialized output of 20 units per year and trade equal proportions of both As such, each country now has access to 20 units of both We can see then that for both countries, the opportunity cost of producing both products is greater than the cost of More specifically, for each country, the opportunity cost of producing 16 units of both sweaters and wine is 20 units of both products (after trading) Specialization reduces their opportunity cost and therefore maximizes their efficiency in acquiring the goods they With the greater supply, the price of each product would decrease, thus giving an advantage to the end consumer as Note that, in the example above, Country B could produce both wine and cotton more efficiently than Country A (less time) This is called an absolute advantage, and Country B may have it because of a higher level of However, according to international trade theory, even if a country has an absolute advantage over another, it can still benefit from (For a review of some of these economic concepts, see the Economics Basics )Other Possible Benefits of Trading GloballyInternational trade not only results in increased efficiency but also allows countries to participate in a global economy, encouraging the opportunity of foreign direct investment (FDI), which is the amount of money that individuals invest into foreign companies and other In theory, economies can therefore grow more efficiently and can more easily become competitive economic For the receiving government, FDI is a means by which foreign currency and expertise can enter the These raise employment levels and, theoretically, lead to a growth in the gross domestic For the investor, FDI offers company expansion and growth, which means higher Free Trade ProtectionismAs with other theories, there are opposing International trade has two contrasting views regarding the level of control placed on trade: free trade and Free trade is the simpler of the two theories: a laissez-faire approach, with no restrictions on The main idea is that supply and demand factors, operating on a global scale, will ensure that production happens Therefore, nothing needs to be done to protect or promote trade and growth because market forces will do so In contrast, protectionism holds that regulation of international trade is important to ensure that markets function Advocates of this theory believe that market inefficiencies may hamper the benefits of international trade and they aim to guide the market Protectionism exists in many different forms, but the most common are tariffs, subsidies and These strategies attempt to correct any inefficiency in the international ConclusionAs it opens up the opportunity for specialization and therefore more efficient use of resources, international trade has potential to maximize a country's capacity to produce and acquire Opponents of global free trade have argued, however, that international trade still allows for inefficiencies that leave developing nations What is certain is that the global economy is in a state of continual change and, as it develops, so too must all of its 如果你走进超市，并能买到南美香蕉，巴西咖啡和一瓶南非葡萄酒，您所遇到的影响国际贸易。国际贸易使我们能够扩大我们的市场，商品和服务，否则可能没有提供给我们。这就是为什么您可以挑选之间日语，德语和美国车。由于国际贸易，市场包含更大的竞争，因此更具有竞争力的价格，由此带来更便宜的产品提供给消费者。什么是国际贸易？国际贸易是交流之间的货物和服务的国家。这种类型的贸易引起了世界经济，在这种价格或供应和需求，影响和影响的全球性活动。政治变化，例如，亚洲可能会导致成本增加的劳动力，从而增加了生产成本为美国的耐克公司总部设在马来西亚，然后导致价格上升，你不得不花钱购买在网球鞋在您当地的商场。在减少的劳动力成本，另一方面，将导致您不需要支付较少为您的新鞋。贸易在全球范围和国家为消费者提供的机会接触到商品和服务不提供在自己的国家。几乎每一种产品可以在国际市场：食品，衣服，零件，石油，珠宝，葡萄酒，股票，货币和水。服务也是交易：旅游，金融，咨询和运输。产品销往全球市场的出口，和一种产品，是购买的全球市场是一个进口。进口和出口都是以一国的经常账户的国际收支。 （欲了解更多关于这个，请参阅文章什么是国际收支平衡？和了解目前帐户收支平衡。 ）提高效率，在全球范围内的交易全球贸易允许富裕国家利用它们的资源-无论是劳动，技术或资本-更有效率。由于国家赋予了不同的资产和自然资源（土地，劳动力，资本和技术），一些国家可能产生同样的好，因此更有效地销售更便宜比其他国家。如果一个国家不能有效地产生一个项目，它可以取得该项目的贸易与其他国家可以。这就是所谓的专业化的国际贸易。让我们来一个简单的例子。 A国和乙国毛衣都生产棉花和葡萄酒。 A国生产10毛衣和六瓶葡萄酒，而乙国生产6毛衣和10瓶葡萄酒一年。既可以产生，共有16个单位。 A国，但是，需要3个小时生产10毛衣和两小时内产生的6瓶葡萄酒（共5个小时） 。 B国，另一方面，需要一小时生产10毛衣和三个小时的生产六瓶葡萄酒（共4个小时） 。但是这两个国家认识到，他们可以生产更多的是侧重于这些产品，他们具有相对优势。 A国然后开始只生产葡萄酒和乙国只生产棉花毛衣。每个国家现在可以创建一个专门的产出20个单位，每年的贸易同等比例的两种产品。因此，每个国家现在已进入20个单位的这两种产品。我们可以看到那两个国家的机会成本，生产这两种产品是大于成本的专业。更具体而言，每个国家的机会成本，生产16单位都毛衣和葡萄酒为20单位的两种产品（交易）。专业化降低其机会成本，因此，最大限度地提高其效率获取他们所需要的货物。随着更多的供应，每个产品的价格将下降，从而有利于最终消费者以及。请注意，在上面的例子中，国家B可以同时生产葡萄酒和棉花比国家更有效的（更少的时间）。这就是所谓的绝对优势，乙国可能是因为较高的技术水平。然而，根据国际贸易理论，即使一个国家拥有绝对优势，另外，它仍然可以受益于专业化。（审查其中的一些经济概念，请参阅经济学基础知识教程。 ）其他可能的好处的交易在全球范围内国际贸易的结果，不仅提高了效率，而且也使国家参与全球经济，鼓励的机会，外国直接投资（ FDI ） ，这是的金额，个人投资于外国公司和其他资产。从理论上讲，经济增长因此可以更有效，也更容易成为有竞争力的经济参与者。为接受政府，外国直接投资是一种手段，外汇和专门知识可以进入该国。这些提高就业水平，从理论上讲，导致经济增长在国内生产总值。为投资者，外国直接投资提供了公司扩张和增长，这意味着更高的收入。自由贸易与保护主义至于其他的理论，有反对意见。国际贸易有两种截然不同的看法程度的控制放在贸易：自由贸易和保护主义。自由贸易是简单的两种理论：一种放任自流的方式，没有任何的贸易限制。主要的想法是，供应和需求的因素，在全球范围经营，将确保发生生产效率。因此，没有什么需要做，以保护或促进贸易和市场力量的增长，因为这样做将自动。与此相反，保护主义认为调节国际贸易重要的是要确保市场的正常运作。主张这一理论认为，市场的低效率可能妨碍国际贸易的利益，他们的目的是引导市场相应。保护主义存在于许多不同的形式，但最常见的是关税，补贴和配额。这些战略企图，以纠正任何效率不高在国际市场上。结论因为它开辟了专门的机会，因此更有效地利用资源，国际贸易的潜力最大限度地发挥一个国家的能力，以生产和收购货物。反对者的全球自由贸易的主张，但是，国际贸易仍然允许效率低下离开发展中国家的损害。可以肯定的是，全球经济正处于不断的变化，因为它的发展，也必须在其所有与会者。
李金林国际贸易实务北京大学出版社李溯婉多哈中止中国贸易摩擦将居高不下第一财经日报,李金林我国的市场经济与市场经济地位中国当代经济,2004(12)朱颖美国储蓄不足和全球储蓄过剩是美国贸易逆差产生的根本原因国际贸易问题,李晓“经济主义”时代的中日关系国际经济评论,3－4[1]胡锦涛论农村基层组织建设[J]1当代贵州,2005,(11)1[2]瞿振元,李小云,王秀清中国社会主义新农村建设研究[M]，北京:社会科学文献出版社,[3]建设社会主义新农村学习读本编写组建设社会主义新农村学习读本[Z]，北京:新华出版社,[4]许兴文,许建明转型社会的乡村发展与政府效能研究[M]，北京:中国农业出版社,[5]艾医卫,李健,唐美元提高乡镇行政效能的几点思考[J]，乡镇建设,1999,(9)[6]任翔新形势下乡镇工作的难点和对策[J]，铜仁地委党校学报,2005,(3)[7]龚志兴加强党在农村执政能力建设的途径和方法[J]，党建,2005,(10)[8]杜赞奇王福明译文化、权力与国家———1900～1942年的华北农村[M]，南京:江苏人民出版社,[1]谷祖莎贸易、环境与中国的选择[J],山东大学学报(哲社版),2005,(6)[2]李慕菡,等我国国际贸易中污染产品的跨境转移[J],国际贸易问题,2005,(10)[3]程名望,等国际贸易中环境成本内在化的经济学分析[J],中国地质大学学报,2005,(3)[4]沈亚芳,应瑞瑶对外贸易、环境污染与政策调整[J],国际贸易问题,2005,(1)[5]马丽,等外商投资对地区资源环境影响的机制分析[J],中国软科学,2003,(10)[6]邵宏华,等国际贸易与环境保护[J],世界经济,1996,(12)
上很多经济类的原创文章，不知道你有没有用
李金林国际贸易实务北京大学出版社李溯婉多哈中止中国贸易摩擦将居高不下第一财经日报,李金林我国的市场经济与市场经济地位中国当代经济,2004(12)朱颖美国储蓄不足和全球储蓄过剩是美国贸易逆差产生的根本原因国际贸易问题,李晓“经济主义”时代的中日关系国际经济评论,3－4[1]胡锦涛论农村基层组织建设[J]1当代贵州,2005,(11)1[2]瞿振元,李小云,王秀清中国社会主义新农村建设研究[M]，北京:社会科学文献出版社,[3]建设社会主义新农村学习读本编写组建设社会主义新农村学习读本[Z]，北京:新华出版社,[4]许兴文,许建明转型社会的乡村发展与政府效能研究[M]，北京:中国农业出版社,[5]艾医卫,李健,唐美元提高乡镇行政效能的几点思考[J]，乡镇建设,1999,(9)[6]任翔新形势下乡镇工作的难点和对策[J]，铜仁地委党校学报,2005,(3)[7]龚志兴加强党在农村执政能力建设的途径和方法[J]，党建,2005,(10)[8]杜赞奇王福明译文化、权力与国家———1900～1942年的华北农村[M]，南京:江苏人民出版社,[1]谷祖莎贸易、环境与中国的选择[J],山东大学学报(哲社版),2005,(6)[2]李慕菡,等我国国际贸易中污染产品的跨境转移[J],国际贸易问题,2005,(10)[3]程名望,等国际贸易中环境成本内在化的经济学分析[J],中国地质大学学报,2005,(3)[4]沈亚芳,应瑞瑶对外贸易、环境污染与政策调整[J],国际贸易问题,2005,(1)[5]马丽,等外商投资对地区资源环境影响的机制分析[J],中国软科学,2003,(10)[6]邵宏华,等国际贸易与环境保护[J],世界经济,1996,(12)
Influence and Countermeasures of International economic integration on China’s foreign tradeAt present, the world economy is moving to the new trend of regional blocs and economic Currently, the economic integration is gradually breaking continental limits to the Pan-Africa The development of international economic integration will inevitably lead to deeper integration of its internal trade barriers and strengthening the dual external results, leading to non-group increasing competition among countries, protectionism is These are constraints of the international economy, especially the freedom of foreign economic development in developing
一、电子商务对国际贸易的影响1（一） 电子商务的内涵与特点1（二） 电子商务对国际贸易的影响6二、中国发展电子商务的现状及存在的问题11（一）我国电子商务的发展现状11（二） 存在的问题12（三） 中国对外贸易的重新定位15三、中国利用电子商务促进对外贸易的策略17（一） 电子商务在出口贸易中的效益体现17（二）开拓新的国际市场要求发展无纸贸易17（三）迎接挑战的对策19结论23致谢24参考文献25附录一26附录二31摘 要在向信息经济世界的转变过程中，传统商务由于存在太多的弊端，已经不能胜任现时条件下的贸易环境。电子商务作为因特网技术发展日益成熟的直接结果，是未来商业发展的新方向。电子商务（Electronic Commence）是一种以电子数据交换EDI和Internet网上交易为主要内容的全新商务模式。其体现的开放性、全球性、地域性、低成本和高效率等内在特征，在符合商业经济内在要求的同时，还使其超越了作为一种新的贸易形式所具有的价值。它不仅改变了企业本身的生产、经营、管理，而且对传统的贸易方式带来冲击。其最明显的标志就是增加了贸易机会、降低贸易成本、提高贸易效益。在带动经济结构变革的同时，对整个现代经济生活产生了巨大而且深远的影响。对此，中国作为经济正在发展的贸易大国，在电子商务的挑战之下，要同时面对其带来的压力和机遇，进行自我调整，以求跟上其快速变革的步伐。要大力发展电子商务，在今后的贸易竞争中占据主动，应拿出自己的举措，以赢得和发达国家站在同一起跑线上的机会。关键词 电子商务 数据交换 因特网 国际贸易AbstractIn the shifting to information economy, traditional commerce is out of the steps of time because of its lot As the direct result from the development of cyber internet technology, EC (Electronic Commerce) is the new direction of future EC includes EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) and business on It is a definitely new business Its inner nature such as global, regional, low cost and high efficiency make it more valuable than its virtual value as a new business At the same time, it is also accord with demands from EC not only changes producing, management, but impact on traditional commerce The most obvious symbol is increase business opportunities, decrease of trading cost, and getting more business It leads profound affection to the whole economic life when it changes economic China wants to be a great developing trading It is necessary to act We need making strategy to face EC, to face the impact, the pressure and chances in order to control our foreign business Justify by us in order to follow EC steps in That is the right way for us to challenge with other developed Key word Electronic Commerce Electronic Data Interchange Internet International trading（三）中国对外贸易的重新定位中国的贸易必须在世界贸易从传统贸易向国际网络贸易转化中重新为自己定位，就是使中国贸易从传统贸易转化为网络贸易。为此，我们要积极推进中国贸易从传统贸易向国际网络贸易的革命性的转化，这一推进要通过市场与政府有效结合的方式来进行。值得指出的是，中国已经初步地“尝到了网络贸易的甜头”，1998年1~5月份，中国的出口本来应该受亚洲货币金融危机的影响而有较大幅度的下降，但是，1998年1~5月份中国的外贸进出口却保持着增长，据海关统计，1998年1~5月份，中国外贸进出口总值达1 9亿美元，比去年同期增长4%，其中出口1亿美元，增长6%，进口8%亿美元，增长5%，其中一个重要的决定因素就是，中国在1998年的春季广交会上，利用互联网向全球2 000多家外商发出了电子邮件，这使得在东南亚金融危机后的这次广交会的出席人数达5万人，为历年广交会人数最多的一次。在这次广交会上，中国同东南亚和韩国达成的交易额下降了60%，而同欧洲、美洲、中东、非洲的交易额则增长20%~30%。占中国出口四成的本次广交会出口成交额比上年增长10%以上。据海关统计，1998年1~4月份，中国对亚洲出口增长8%，对亚洲出口的比重比去年同期下降了6%，而对欧洲、美国、非洲、南美的出口却分别增长了6%、7%、9%、1%，它们占中国外贸出口的比重也有一定幅度的增加，很显然，中国外贸的这一变化是与对国际互联网电子邮件利用密切相关的。中国外经贸部宣布“中国商品市场”已于1998年7月8日正式进入因特网，它将成为目前因特网上最大的中国商品数据库，向外商展示中国商品信息，这为许多企业进入网络，提供了新机会。这一“中国商品市场”就利用网络发布信息这一形式而言，与中国已有的在网络上建立站点发布信息的企业一样。很明显，对于它们都有或将有从发布信息，深化到销售产品和以网络为基础的企业业务往来、企业间培训、客户培训、售后服务等商务活动的必要。这也是应该挖掘网络收益的一个取向，既要利用网络来捕捉更多的贸易机会，扩大市场的范围，又要通过网络来使得比较优势和竞争优势升级。另外，一定要注意网络安全问题。还有，也是至关重要的，中国应对网络贸易立法，且对已存在的对外贸易法进行修改。有理由相信，随着中国外贸逐步地从传统贸易转化为网络贸易，中国网络贸易的发展必然使中国的贸易呈现出一种新的局面英文是:With economic development and the progress of the times, people of the original concept of marriage constantly being challenged, while the concept of legal system is further Due to various reasons, divorce cases each year are on the rise, the husband and wife in a divorce case and deal with common property that has become increasingly difficult, reflected by the status of more and more important, it has a bearing on social stability and unity, and economic construction can proceed Debt Settlement of joint processing and housing is dealt with divorce, division of property compared the two main issues, the 2001 Marriage Law, promulgated and implemented the new sound of the old Marriage Law of the many deficiencies, but its institutional division of property in a divorce there are still some Therefore, the perfect family property system and properly handle the divorce, division of matrimonial property has strong practical
你把文献给我吧 我帮你翻译希望采纳
估计自己乐意真一并的参考文献比不一定是最近五年的啊，只要只要对你有用的啊，觉得也可以观点观点观点好观点鑫耀这边回来是最近五年了
中国贸易发展与经济增长影响机制的经验研究沈坤荣… - 经济研究, 2003_asp?id=3091 中国区际贸易壁垒及其对国际竞争力的影响王雷 - 财贸研究, 2003
我觉得一般的话，还是要去参考最近五年的，因为一般离得近的话，他的一些变化的趋势也不是特别的大的
李金林国际贸易实务北京大学出版社李溯婉多哈中止中国贸易摩擦将居高不下第一财经日报,李金林我国的市场经济与市场经济地位中国当代经济,2004(12)朱颖美国储蓄不足和全球储蓄过剩是美国贸易逆差产生的根本原因国际贸易问题,李晓“经济主义”时代的中日关系国际经济评论,3－4[1]胡锦涛论农村基层组织建设[J]1当代贵州,2005,(11)1[2]瞿振元,李小云,王秀清中国社会主义新农村建设研究[M]，北京:社会科学文献出版社,[3]建设社会主义新农村学习读本编写组建设社会主义新农村学习读本[Z]，北京:新华出版社,[4]许兴文,许建明转型社会的乡村发展与政府效能研究[M]，北京:中国农业出版社,[5]艾医卫,李健,唐美元提高乡镇行政效能的几点思考[J]，乡镇建设,1999,(9)[6]任翔新形势下乡镇工作的难点和对策[J]，铜仁地委党校学报,2005,(3)[7]龚志兴加强党在农村执政能力建设的途径和方法[J]，党建,2005,(10)[8]杜赞奇王福明译文化、权力与国家———1900～1942年的华北农村[M]，南京:江苏人民出版社,[1]谷祖莎贸易、环境与中国的选择[J],山东大学学报(哲社版),2005,(6)[2]李慕菡,等我国国际贸易中污染产品的跨境转移[J],国际贸易问题,2005,(10)[3]程名望,等国际贸易中环境成本内在化的经济学分析[J],中国地质大学学报,2005,(3)[4]沈亚芳,应瑞瑶对外贸易、环境污染与政策调整[J],国际贸易问题,2005,(1)[5]马丽,等外商投资对地区资源环境影响的机制分析[J],中国软科学,2003,(10)[6]邵宏华,等国际贸易与环境保护[J],世界经济,1996,(12)
国际经济与贸易论文可以具体些哈，俺的成。
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