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你好，希望我们可以帮你。相关资料在知网，万维网能查到资料。不过要这些是过不了论文检测的，希望能帮到你1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录） 3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。 4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。 5、论文正文： （1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容： 提出-论点； 分析问题-论据和论证； 解决问题-论证与步骤； 结论。 6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。 中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息 所列参考文献的要求是： （1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。 （2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
论文的关键词主题词一般每篇可选3~8个，英文要求几个名词没有很具体的规定，如果是英文写论文呢，全篇都应该是英文。关键词必须能够正确反映论文的主要内容。关键词在题目中出现率在85%以上，在摘要中的出现率在90%。因此，判断拟选关键词应以题目为基础，从摘要中提炼出若干最能代表论文内容、对象、方法和结果的词。关键词可以是词或词组；一般名词居多，个别情况下可以是动词。关键词是对文章核心内容的强调和突出，一般选取关键词可以从以下两个方向去着手。一是从文章的题目、摘要、各级标题和正文反复强调的内容中选取。二是从文章的研究背景、研究对象、研究问题、核心研究内容、研究目的、研究视角\理论、研究方法、核心研究结论等等中选取。关键词应首选主题词：主题词是专门为文献的标引和检索而从自然语言词汇中挑选出来并加以规范化的名词术语（单词或词组）。例如英文关键词的标引尽量采用NLM编辑最新版的《Index Medicus》中《Medical Subject Headings，简称MeSH》（医学主题词）表中的规范主题词。中文文章的关键词标引应尽量采用《汉语主题词表》和《中国中医药主题词表》中规范的名词术语。
一定要善于积累。首先写作文需要我们有大量的词汇量，好的作文需要高级的词汇！而这些词汇来源于我们平时的阅读积累， 我们应当在平时生活中去读一些好的文章好的书，去读一些名人作家写的书籍，或者一些名人名言，我们可以把它分类记在笔记本上，当遇到不同类型的文章要求的时候，我们可以根据我们的分类来把它们写下来。 并且把当中高质量句子和高质量文章记下来，并且去了解他的意思。在下次遇到写同类型的作文时可以将它写出来。在考前可以去读很多篇优秀作文， 用特殊颜色记号笔将他们勾划下来，并且熟背于心在考试中合理将它们运用下来。现在互联网十分发达，不难发现各个软件当中有许多收集整理高考作文名句的博主。，我们可以把它背下来收藏下来， 当作在玩乐中学习，也对自身的高级词汇有很大的帮助有很大的提升。
中文中有什么高级词汇可以替换，这个你应该找找关于论文的介绍上。
这种高级的词汇当然可以用它来代替而且表达的意思是一样
云中有什么高级的词汇可以替换tten
高中英语作文常用句型一． 表达观点 What I’d like to point out is that… I’m generally convinced that… We have reasons/every reason to believe that… We can therefore come to the conclusion that… It goes without saying that… As far as I’m concerned, …二． 描绘 According to the picture/chart, we can see/conclude that… As is clearly shown in the picture, … The number/amount of … will rise/show a tendency of… It accounts for… The advantages outweigh the Evidently it has both negative and positive People used to think…, but things are different There is a slight/slow/steady/rapid drop( rise, increase,decrease,fall) in demond (income,population,price) that… The figure (percentage, number,) has nearly (almost, more than,clearly) doubled/tripled, compared with that of…三． 反驳 In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold Besides, we should not neglect the fact that… A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that…四． 解释分析 No one can deny that… It can be easily proved that… One thing which is epually important to what is mentioned above is that… We have every reason to believe that… A number of factors can account for the development in…/popularity of…五． 论证说明 A good case in point is… No one can deny the fact that… There is sufficient evidence to show that… According to the statistics, it can be seen that… It has been illustrated that…六．文章开篇 Recently the problem has been brought into Recently the phenomenon has become a heated Recently the issue has aroused great concern among… Nowadays there is a growing concern over… Faced with …, quite a few people argue that… With the arrival of the information age,… There is a growing worldwide awareness of the need for… Some argue/hold that… but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue of… Thanks to China’s reform and opening up policy,…七．结尾 It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop… We might do more than identify the cause; it is important to take action to… Whether it is good or not/positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear that… All the evidence support a sound conclusion that…八．其他 It goes without saying that…不用说， 不言而喻 It is universally acknowledged that…大家公认为。。。 The evidence shows that the importance of … can’t be 证据显示。。。重要性再怎么强调也不过分。 ●对比类句型：1) A is to B what/ as C is to D(A之于B犹如C之于D)2) Just , 3) A and B have sth in 4) A is similar to B5) The same is true of，The same can be said of(……也是如此)6) The advantages of A are much greater than B7) compared with B, A has many 8) The advantages outweigh the disadvantages(利大于弊)9) Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages 10) Although A enjoys considerable advantage , it can not compete with B 11) Contrary to widely accepted views, I believe 12) What people fail to consider is 13) It is one thing to insist , it is quite another to show 14) Nothing can rival…(……是无与伦比的)15) …has drawbacks as well as 16) A is superior(inferior) to B17) varies from person to person(……是因人而异的)18) A is just the opposite (to B) 19) A differs from B in that…(A不同于B在于……)20) …is not the same (as)●过渡性句型： 1) this is true 2) This is true, no doubt, 3) 4) It is one thing ; it is another ●描写图表和数据的句型1) rank first (both) 2) in proportion 3) A is by far the 4) As many 5) The number is imes as much as that of 6) The figure has nearly doubled/tripled, as against that of last 7) It accounts for 35% 8) By comparison with , it decreased/increased/fell 9) ise rapidly(slowly)10) ain 11) ach 12)There is a slight/slow/steady/rapid rise/increase /////decrease/decline/reduction/fall/drop in13) be on the increase/decrease/rise/decline (……在不断的增加,减少,上升,下降)●图表作文中的过渡、概括句型：1) As can be indicated in the table, 2) As we could find out later， 3) As is revealed in the table，4) As the survey results show，5) This table provides several important points of comparison between，6) The two graphs depict the same thing in 7) The key findings taken from the surveys are as follows:8) According to the figures given in the table, 9) This chart shows that 10) As is shown by the graph, 11) It can be seen from the statistics that 12) It is generally believed /accepted/thought/held ●说明原因的句型:1) There are some/two/many good reasons /to 2) We have two good reasons 3) The reason for is that + 从句4) Among the most convincing reasons given by people , one should be 5) One may think of the trend as a result 6) The change largely results from the fact 7) There are several causes for this significant growth F8) A number of factors could account for the 9) It is no simple task to give the reason for 10) The cause of /reason for higher prices was an increase in 11) Because/As/Now that/Since the demand has increased, the prices are 12) An increase in demand causes/results in/leads to/produces higher 13) The demand has 14) Therefore,/As a result,/For this reason,/Because of this,/Consequently, the prices are 15) If there is an increase in demand, then prices /go //are 16) Different people look in different ●表示不同看法的句型:1) Different people have/hold different opinions/views on the question/problem/ Some believe that ; Others argue that :Still others maintain that 2) They are quite different from each other in their 3) Some people hold the opinion that it is good to 4) They think quite differently on this 5) Opinions vary from individual to individual, from culture to ●表示必须,紧急,有困难做某事的句型:1) It is important (necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable) for to do 2) have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time (in) doing (有困难做某事)●用于文章开头的句型：1) Faced ; quite a few people argue ; But other people conceive 2) There is a general discussion today about the issue ; Those who object argue that ;They believe ; But people who favor , on the other hand, argue that 3) Currently there is a widespread concern 4) Now people in growing number are coming to realize 5) Now it is commonly held that ; they think ; But I doubt 6) Recently the issue has been brought to public 7) One of the great men once said Now more and more people share this 8) Until recently, has been regarded But people are taking a fresh look at 9) S argues/maintains /holds/insists/believes 10) More and more people are realizing /have come to 11) There is no denying/doubt that ●用于文章结尾的句型：1) From what has been discussed above/taking into account all these factors, we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reach the conclusion that 2) It is high time that we put considerable/great/special emphasis on 3) We must look for all immediate method, because the present situation of , if permitted to continue, will sure lead to/result 4) Many solutions/methods are being offered here, all of them make some sense, but none is quite The problem should be examined in a new 5) There is no immediate solution to the problem , might be helpful/6) No easy method can be at hand to solve the problem of , but the general awareness of the necessity/importance might be the first step on the right 7) There is little doubt/denying that 8) It is, therefore, obvious/evident that the task quire immediate 9) As far as be concerned, I believe/think that 10) In conclusion,11) In my opinion, I am in favor of 12) Personally, I prefer 13) In short, should learn ; Only in this way can the most difficult problems be solved 14) As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion ●用于论证和说明的句型：1) We may cite/quote/take a single/common example to 2) Our society abounds with the examples of 3) A recent study indicates/suggests/shows 4) According to the statistics provided , it can be seen 5) There is good/sufficient evidence to show 6) This brings out/set forth the important fact that 7) No one can ignore/overlook the fact ●常用谚语 (在议论文中):1) As a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides” 2) As a proverb says, “Everything has two sides” On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your On the other hand, if you don t deal with it properly, it will do harm to your So we should look at the matter from two 3) As a proverb says, “Where there is a will there is a ” (有志者事竟成)4) As a popular saying goes, “A man is known by the company he ”(观其交友,知其为人)5) As is known to all, “No pains, no gains”(没有苦,就没有甜)●辩论中常用的句型:1) There is no doubt that 2) It is obvious/clear that 3) As is known to all, 4) (It s) no (难怪) He didn t work hard and no wonder he lost his 5) It goes without saying that (不用说,不成问题,很自然……)6) What is more important, 7) I am convinced that (我深信……)
1． It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型She had said what it was necessary to 2． 强调句型It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules 3． "All+抽象名词"或"抽象名词+itself"（very+形容词）He was all gentleness to 4． 利用词汇重复表示强调A crime is a crime a 5． "something（much）of"和"nothing（little）of" "something of"相当于"to some extent"，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为"anything of "，可译为"有点"，"略微等。""译为毫无"，"全无"。"much of"译为"大有"，"not much of"可译为"算不上"，"称不上"，"little of"可译为"几乎无"。something like译为"有点像，略似’’They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a 6． 同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。如"her old sharper of a father"，可译为："她那般的父亲"。Those pigs of girls eat so 7． as…as…can（may）beIt is as plain as plain can 8． "It is in（with）…as in（with）"It is in life as in a 9． "as good as…"相等于，就像，几乎如；实际上，其实，实在。The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt 10．"many as well…as"和"might as well …as" "many as well…as"可译为"与其……，不如……，更好"，"以这样做……为宜"，"如同……，也可以……"等等。"might as well …as"表示不可能的事，可译为"犹如……"，"可与……一样荒唐"，"与其那样不如这样的好"等等。One may as well not know a thing at all as know it 11．"to make…of"的译法（使……成为……，把……当作）I will make a scientist of my 12． oo…+不定式"，not（never）too…+不定式"，"too…not+不定式She is too angry to 13． only(not, all, but, never) too …to do so "和"too ready (apt) + to do"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是"not"，"all""but等字后+"too…to，"不定式都失去了否定意义，在"too ready（apt） +to do"结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。You know but too yell to hold your 除此之外，还有很多很多~~~主要是靠自己平时的积累
词：商榷，理智，客观，主观短语：从根本上说，然而这是不可取的句子：具体情况要具体分析大概这些，还有很多的
反智主义的释义反智主义存在于许多国家、许多文化、许多领域、许多人群和许多层面中，以上任何一条不同，都有可能产生截然不同的结果。广义上来讲，它是在基于清晰立场和不同思维的基础上，不同阶层或人群中产生的分歧与矛盾的产物，所以它无关褒贬义，它只是对矛盾对分歧的总结，只是对大众的思想做出的思考。狭义上来讲，在有知识理论有权威界定的基础上，反智主义即是悖逆真理，违背正义，是错误的，是要受到谴责的，是需要权威来正确引导的。作者理查德霍夫斯塔特（RichardHofstadter）是当代美国著名历史学家。他才思敏捷,博识善文,不仅蜚声战后史坛，而且足涉政治学、社会学、心理学等诸多领域,开创了美国史研究的新视角、新方法和新模式,对美国史学产生了深远的影响。被誉为“美国从第二次世界大战至 越南战争时期最有影响、最杰出的历史学家”,70年代美国最有声望的知识分子”。 美国早期改革史观便是他的史学思想的重要组成部分。他一九一六年生于纽约州布法罗市，父亲是波兰移民。大学期间，他主修历史哲学，才华显露。研究生阶段由纽约法学院转至哥伦比亚大学攻美国史，一九四二年以优异论文《美国思想中的社会达尔文主义》获博士学位。而立之年，就荣膺哥大著名的克林顿史学讲座教授，连发重头学术著作近十部，三次获取全美史学大奖。《美国生活中的反智主义》一书，使其在1964年荣获普利策奖。正当霍夫斯塔特风华正茂、光彩照人时，一九七〇年十月他骤然病故，年仅五十四岁。消息传开，从哥大教授圈到纽约文人集群，从东部哈佛到西岸斯坦福，美国学术界一片哀悼之音。反智主义出现的原因理查德霍夫斯塔特是一位历史学家，他深刻剖析了反智主义存在的渊源。反智主义并未构成美国民族心态的主流，它还只是一股暗流，时常会被利用。激励人们的创造力和想象力，依然是推动这个国家前进并使其保持领先地位的源动力。但是，恰如霍夫斯塔特所说，“反智主义作为一种态度，不是单一的情感取向，而是正反情感并存，他们对理智和知识分子的绝对排斥是罕见的。”它的阴影根深蒂固。既然存在着这样的痼疾，我们就应该正视它。1、知识分子上升通道的阻碍，与知识分子和现存权威之间的矛盾。美国经济大萧条之后，在政府换届之间，凯恩斯主义深入社会每个角落，当时的社会问题严重，完全依靠政府的宏观手段，在经济危机化解后的几十年里教育的缺失问题严重。2、知识分子、学界精英和人民大众之间的矛盾。缺乏积极有效的沟通、知识和人民群众脱离。3、文化的对峙。在当代美国，小镇文化与都市文化的对峙， 不仅反映了美国人对于生活方式选择所呈现的迥异的态度，也反映出美国社会价值观念的两种根本性的对立冲突。一种是不思进取墨守成规的人生态度，一种是敢于冒险勇于创新的探索精神。这两种截然不同的人生态度，直接导致了人们对于知识的态度，以及对于有知识的人的心态。这种传统文化对人们思维的直接影响，使得很多人认为，用头脑思考创新不是什么值得夸赞的事情，而凭体力打拼才是值得颂扬的。这就是深为美国人称道的牛仔精神，根深蒂固，矛盾繁多。 4、民族性格。美国人对于自己的民族想象是一脉相承的。5、价值观念与宗教与历史的对立。
学术论文有不同的分类方法。 1、按研究领域和对象，可分为人文社科类论文、自然工程类论文与医学科学类论文。 人文社科类论文是以人文、社会现象为研究对象的学术论文，其任务是研究并阐述各种人文社会现象及其发展规律，研究领域涉及的范围广，类型复杂交错。根据学科内容的不同，人文社科类论文可细分为哲学学科论文、语言文学学科论文、历史学科论文、艺术体育学科论文、经济学科论文、政治学科论文、法学学科论文、管理学科论文、教育学科论文等。人文社科类论文就研究方法与行文角度而言，可以将其分为论述型、评价型、考证型、证明型、介绍型、诠释型、调查报告等论文类型。 自然工程类论文，也称为理工科类论文，其研究目的是发现自然现象背后的规律，并运用这些规律为人类社会发展做出贡献。其中，自然科学论文侧重于对自然本体进行研究和描述，揭示自然界发生的客观现象以及自然现象背后的规律，具有客观性强、计量细、实验数据多等特点。工程科学论文侧重于运用科学和技术原理来解决人类社会发展进步中存在的问题。自然工程论文按照功能和属性，还可以将其分为实验型、理论型、综述型论文与科学调查（考察）报告等。 医学科学类论文，也称医科类论文。医科是对有关医疗、药物、公共卫生等研究领域的学科统称，医学科学类论文就是以人类自身身体及其所患疾病、所受损伤等为研究对象，以诊断治疗预防生理疾病和提高人体机体健康为目的。 2、按研究内容和方法，可分为理论型、实验型、描述型、设计型学术论文。 理论型学术论文的研究对象是比较广泛的自然现象和社会现象，以及这些现象之间的关系，即抽象的理论问题。其基本研究方法主要是理论证明、数学推导和综合考察等。 实验型学术论文是以实验本身作为研究对象，或者以实验作为主要手段得出研究成果后撰写的学术论文。它的核心内容是设计实验，进行实验研究，对实验结果的观察和分析，探讨客观事物和现象发生的原因和规律，形成结论或提出作者的见解。 描述型学术论文是以自然和社会存在的客观事物和现象为研究对象，其研究方法是考察、观测和分析，其主要表达方式是描述、说明和比较，目的在于向读者介绍新发现的具有科学价值的客观事物和现象。因此，它的重点在于说明事物和现象是什么，并确认其种属、学科等，和类似事物或现象有何不同，而没有复杂的理论推导、逻辑分析。
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学术论文的四要素是论点、论据、论述的过程、结论。学术论文是某一学术课题在实验性、理论性或预测性上具有的新的科学研究成果或创新见解和知识的科学记录，或是某种已知原理应用于实际上取得新进展的科学总结，用以提供学术会议上宣读、交流、讨论或学术刊物上发表，或用作其他用途的书面文件。按写作目的，可将学术论文分为交流性论文和考核性论文。学术论文，就是用系统的、专门的知识来讨论或研究某种问题或研究成果的学理性文章。具有学术性、科学性、创造性、学理性。
高中英语作文常用句型一． 表达观点 What I’d like to point out is that… I’m generally convinced that… We have reasons/every reason to believe that… We can therefore come to the conclusion that… It goes without saying that… As far as I’m concerned, …二． 描绘 According to the picture/chart, we can see/conclude that… As is clearly shown in the picture, … The number/amount of … will rise/show a tendency of… It accounts for… The advantages outweigh the Evidently it has both negative and positive People used to think…, but things are different There is a slight/slow/steady/rapid drop( rise, increase,decrease,fall) in demond (income,population,price) that… The figure (percentage, number,) has nearly (almost, more than,clearly) doubled/tripled, compared with that of…三． 反驳 In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold Besides, we should not neglect the fact that… A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that…四． 解释分析 No one can deny that… It can be easily proved that… One thing which is epually important to what is mentioned above is that… We have every reason to believe that… A number of factors can account for the development in…/popularity of…五． 论证说明 A good case in point is… No one can deny the fact that… There is sufficient evidence to show that… According to the statistics, it can be seen that… It has been illustrated that…六．文章开篇 Recently the problem has been brought into Recently the phenomenon has become a heated Recently the issue has aroused great concern among… Nowadays there is a growing concern over… Faced with …, quite a few people argue that… With the arrival of the information age,… There is a growing worldwide awareness of the need for… Some argue/hold that… but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue of… Thanks to China’s reform and opening up policy,…七．结尾 It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop… We might do more than identify the cause; it is important to take action to… Whether it is good or not/positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear that… All the evidence support a sound conclusion that…八．其他 It goes without saying that…不用说， 不言而喻 It is universally acknowledged that…大家公认为。。。 The evidence shows that the importance of … can’t be 证据显示。。。重要性再怎么强调也不过分。 ●对比类句型：1) A is to B what/ as C is to D(A之于B犹如C之于D)2) Just , 3) A and B have sth in 4) A is similar to B5) The same is true of，The same can be said of(……也是如此)6) The advantages of A are much greater than B7) compared with B, A has many 8) The advantages outweigh the disadvantages(利大于弊)9) Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages 10) Although A enjoys considerable advantage , it can not compete with B 11) Contrary to widely accepted views, I believe 12) What people fail to consider is 13) It is one thing to insist , it is quite another to show 14) Nothing can rival…(……是无与伦比的)15) …has drawbacks as well as 16) A is superior(inferior) to B17) varies from person to person(……是因人而异的)18) A is just the opposite (to B) 19) A differs from B in that…(A不同于B在于……)20) …is not the same (as)●过渡性句型： 1) this is true 2) This is true, no doubt, 3) 4) It is one thing ; it is another ●描写图表和数据的句型1) rank first (both) 2) in proportion 3) A is by far the 4) As many 5) The number is imes as much as that of 6) The figure has nearly doubled/tripled, as against that of last 7) It accounts for 35% 8) By comparison with , it decreased/increased/fell 9) ise rapidly(slowly)10) ain 11) ach 12)There is a slight/slow/steady/rapid rise/increase /////decrease/decline/reduction/fall/drop in13) be on the increase/decrease/rise/decline (……在不断的增加,减少,上升,下降)●图表作文中的过渡、概括句型：1) As can be indicated in the table, 2) As we could find out later， 3) As is revealed in the table，4) As the survey results show，5) This table provides several important points of comparison between，6) The two graphs depict the same thing in 7) The key findings taken from the surveys are as follows:8) According to the figures given in the table, 9) This chart shows that 10) As is shown by the graph, 11) It can be seen from the statistics that 12) It is generally believed /accepted/thought/held ●说明原因的句型:1) There are some/two/many good reasons /to 2) We have two good reasons 3) The reason for is that + 从句4) Among the most convincing reasons given by people , one should be 5) One may think of the trend as a result 6) The change largely results from the fact 7) There are several causes for this significant growth F8) A number of factors could account for the 9) It is no simple task to give the reason for 10) The cause of /reason for higher prices was an increase in 11) Because/As/Now that/Since the demand has increased, the prices are 12) An increase in demand causes/results in/leads to/produces higher 13) The demand has 14) Therefore,/As a result,/For this reason,/Because of this,/Consequently, the prices are 15) If there is an increase in demand, then prices /go //are 16) Different people look in different ●表示不同看法的句型:1) Different people have/hold different opinions/views on the question/problem/ Some believe that ; Others argue that :Still others maintain that 2) They are quite different from each other in their 3) Some people hold the opinion that it is good to 4) They think quite differently on this 5) Opinions vary from individual to individual, from culture to ●表示必须,紧急,有困难做某事的句型:1) It is important (necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable) for to do 2) have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time (in) doing (有困难做某事)●用于文章开头的句型：1) Faced ; quite a few people argue ; But other people conceive 2) There is a general discussion today about the issue ; Those who object argue that ;They believe ; But people who favor , on the other hand, argue that 3) Currently there is a widespread concern 4) Now people in growing number are coming to realize 5) Now it is commonly held that ; they think ; But I doubt 6) Recently the issue has been brought to public 7) One of the great men once said Now more and more people share this 8) Until recently, has been regarded But people are taking a fresh look at 9) S argues/maintains /holds/insists/believes 10) More and more people are realizing /have come to 11) There is no denying/doubt that ●用于文章结尾的句型：1) From what has been discussed above/taking into account all these factors, we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reach the conclusion that 2) It is high time that we put considerable/great/special emphasis on 3) We must look for all immediate method, because the present situation of , if permitted to continue, will sure lead to/result 4) Many solutions/methods are being offered here, all of them make some sense, but none is quite The problem should be examined in a new 5) There is no immediate solution to the problem , might be helpful/6) No easy method can be at hand to solve the problem of , but the general awareness of the necessity/importance might be the first step on the right 7) There is little doubt/denying that 8) It is, therefore, obvious/evident that the task quire immediate 9) As far as be concerned, I believe/think that 10) In conclusion,11) In my opinion, I am in favor of 12) Personally, I prefer 13) In short, should learn ; Only in this way can the most difficult problems be solved 14) As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion ●用于论证和说明的句型：1) We may cite/quote/take a single/common example to 2) Our society abounds with the examples of 3) A recent study indicates/suggests/shows 4) According to the statistics provided , it can be seen 5) There is good/sufficient evidence to show 6) This brings out/set forth the important fact that 7) No one can ignore/overlook the fact ●常用谚语 (在议论文中):1) As a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides” 2) As a proverb says, “Everything has two sides” On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your On the other hand, if you don t deal with it properly, it will do harm to your So we should look at the matter from two 3) As a proverb says, “Where there is a will there is a ” (有志者事竟成)4) As a popular saying goes, “A man is known by the company he ”(观其交友,知其为人)5) As is known to all, “No pains, no gains”(没有苦,就没有甜)●辩论中常用的句型:1) There is no doubt that 2) It is obvious/clear that 3) As is known to all, 4) (It s) no (难怪) He didn t work hard and no wonder he lost his 5) It goes without saying that (不用说,不成问题,很自然……)6) What is more important, 7) I am convinced that (我深信……)
●表示比较和对照关系的句型：1) A is to B what/ as C is to D(A之于B犹如C之于D)2) Just , 3) A and B have sth in 4) A is similar to B5) The same is true of,The same can be said of(……也是如此)6) The advantages of A are much greater than B7) compared with B, A has many 8) The advantages outweigh the disadvantages(利大于弊)9) Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages 10) Although A enjoys considerable advantage , it can not compete with B 11) Contrary to widely accepted views, I believe 12) What people fail to consider is 13) It is one thing to insist , it is quite another to show 14) Nothing can rival…(……是无与伦比的)15) …has drawbacks as well as 16) A is superior(inferior) to B17) varies from person to person(……是因人而异的)18) A is just the opposite (to B) 19) A differs from B in that…(A不同于B在于……)20) …is not the same (as)●过渡性句型： 1) this is true 2) This is true, no doubt, 3) 4) It is one thing ; it is another ●描写图表和数据的句型1) rank first (both) 2) in proportion 3) A is by far the 4) As many 5) The number is imes as much as that of 6) The figure has nearly doubled/tripled, as against that of last 7) It accounts for 35% 8) By comparison with , it decreased/increased/fell 9) ise rapidly(slowly)10) ain 11) ach 12)There is a slight/slow/steady/rapid rise/increase /////decrease/decline/reduction/fall/drop in13) be on the increase/decrease/rise/decline (……在不断的增加,减少,上升,下降)●图表作文中的过渡、概括句型：1) As can be indicated in the table, 2) As we could find out later, 3) As is revealed in the table,4) As the survey results show,5) This table provides several important points of comparison between,6) The two graphs depict the same thing in 7) The key findings taken from the surveys are as follows:8) According to the figures given in the table, 9) This chart shows that 10) As is shown by the graph, 11) It can be seen from the statistics that 12) It is generally believed /accepted/thought/held ●说明原因的句型:1) There are some/two/many good reasons /to 2) We have two good reasons 3) The reason for is that + 从句4) Among the most convincing reasons given by people , one should be 5) One may think of the trend as a result 6) The change largely results from the fact 7) There are several causes for this significant growth F8) A number of factors could account for the 9) It is no simple task to give the reason for 10) The cause of /reason for higher prices was an increase in 11) Because/As/Now that/Since the demand has increased, the prices are 12) An increase in demand causes/results in/leads to/produces higher 13) The demand has 14) Therefore,/As a result,/For this reason,/Because of this,/Consequently, the prices are 15) If there is an increase in demand, then prices /go //are 16) Different people look in different ●表示不同看法的句型:1) Different people have/hold different opinions/views on the question/problem/ Some believe that ; Others argue that :Still others maintain that 2) They are quite different from each other in their 3) Some people hold the opinion that it is good to 4) They think quite differently on this 5) Opinions vary from individual to individual, from culture to ●表示必须,紧急,有困难做某事的句型:1) It is important (necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable) for to do 2) have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time (in) doing (有困难做某事)●用于文章开头的句型：1) Faced ; quite a few people argue ; But other people conceive 2) There is a general discussion today about the issue ; Those who object argue that ;They believe ; But people who favor , on the other hand, argue that 3) Currently there is a widespread concern 4) Now people in growing number are coming to realize 5) Now it is commonly held that ; they think ; But I doubt 6) Recently the issue has been brought to public 7) One of the great men once said Now more and more people share this 8) Until recently, has been regarded But people are taking a fresh look at 9) S argues/maintains /holds/insists/believes 10) More and more people are realizing /have come to 11) There is no denying/doubt that ●用于文章结尾的句型：1) From what has been discussed above/taking into account all these factors, we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reach the conclusion that 2) It is high time that we put considerable/great/special emphasis on 3) We must look for all immediate method, because the present situation of , if permitted to continue, will sure lead to/result 4) Many solutions/methods are being offered here, all of them make some sense, but none is quite The problem should be examined in a new 5) There is no immediate solution to the problem , might be helpful/6) No easy method can be at hand to solve the problem of , but the general awareness of the necessity/importance might be the first step on the right 7) There is little doubt/denying that 8) It is, therefore, obvious/evident that the task quire immediate 9) As far as be concerned, I believe/think that 10) In conclusion,11) In my opinion, I am in favor of 12) Personally, I prefer 13) In short, should learn ; Only in this way can the most difficult problems be solved 14) As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion ●用于论证和说明的句型：1) We may cite/quote/take a single/common example to 2) Our society abounds with the examples of 3) A recent study indicates/suggests/shows 4) According to the statistics provided , it can be seen 5) There is good/sufficient evidence to show 6) This brings out/set forth the important fact that 7) No one can ignore/overlook the fact ●常用谚语 (在议论文中):1) As a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides” 2) As a proverb says, “Everything has two sides” On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your On the other hand, if you don t deal with it properly, it will do harm to your So we should look at the matter from two 3) As a proverb says, “Where there is a will there is a ” (有志者事竟成)4) As a popular saying goes, “A man is known by the company he ”(观其交友,知其为人)5) As is known to all, “No pains, no gains”(没有苦,就没有甜)
1．表示原因 1）There are three reasons for this． 2）The reasons for this are as follows． 3）The reason for this is obvious． 4）The reason for this is not far to seek． 5）The reason for this is that．．． 6）We have good reason to believe that．．． 例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life． 注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。 如：Great changes have taken place in our life． There are three reasons for this．这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。 2．表示好处 1）It has the following advantages． 2）It does us a lot of good． 3）It benefits us quite a lot． 4）It is beneficial to us． 5）It is of great benefit to us． 例如：Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us． 3．表示坏处 1）It has more disadvantages than advantages． 2）It does us much harm． 3）It is harmful to us． 例如：However，everything divides into two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television． 4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sb．to do sth． 2）We think it necessary to do sth． 3）It plays an important role in our life． 例如：Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon， computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age． 5．表示措施 1）We should take some effective measures． 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties． 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth． 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with． 例如：The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Thereforewe must take some effective measures to solve it． 6．表示变化 1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years． 2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications． 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education． 例如：Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and morepeople are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins． 7．表示事实、现状 1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．． 2）No one can deny the fact that．．． 3）There is no denying the fact that．．． 4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in． 5）However，that’s not the case． 例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution．To solve these problems，we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution．The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment． 8．表示比较 1）Compared with A，B．．． 2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV． 3）There is a striking contrast between them． 例如：Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable．Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum．Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise． 9．表示数量 1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．． 2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000． 3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January． 例如：With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased． 再如：From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000． 10．表示看法 1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth． 2）People have different opinions on this problem． 3）People take different views of（on）the question． 4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．． 例如：People have different attitudes towards failure．Some believe that failure leads to success．Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor．However，others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers． 再如：Do “lucky numbers really bring good luck？Different people have different views on it． 注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。 11．表示结论 1）In short，it can be said that ．．． 2）It may be briefly summed up as follows． 3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．． 例如：From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved． 注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。 12．套语 1）It’s well known to us that ．．． 2）As is known to us，．．． 3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about． 4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ．．． 5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way． 例如：As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus． The reason for this is obvious．Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an “ivory tower�．As college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus．Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate． 再如：Does it pay to be honest？This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it． Culture 文化篇 A great poem is a fountain forever overflowing with the waters of wisdom and (P B Shelley , British poet ) 伟大的诗篇即是永远喷出智慧和欢欣之水的喷泉。 (英国诗人 雪莱 P B) Art is a lie that tells the truth ( Picasso , Spanish painter ) 美术是揭示真理的谎言。 (西班牙画家 毕加索) Humor has been well defined as thinking in fun while feeling in (Mark Twain , American novelist ) 幽默被人正确地解释为"以诚挚表达感受，寓深思于嬉笑"。(美国小说家 马克•吐温) The decline of literature indicates the decline of a nation ; the two keep in their downward ( Johan Wolfgang von Goethe , German poet ) 文学的衰落表明一个民族的衰落。这两者走下坡路的时间是齐头并进的。 (德国诗人 歌德 J W ) When one loves one's art no service seems too hard (O Henry, American novelist) 一旦热爱艺术，什么奉献也不难。 (美国小说家 欧•亨利) Education 教育篇 And gladly would learn , and gladly teach ( Chaucer , British poet) 勤于学习的人才能乐意施教。(英国诗人, 乔叟) Better be unborn than untaught , for ignorance is the root of misfortune (Plato , Ancient Greek philosopher) 与其不受教育,不如不生,因为无知是不幸的根源(古希腊哲学家 柏拉图) Friendship 友谊篇 "Some friends come and go like a Others are arranged in our lives for good " ---Sharita Gadison "A true friend is someone you can disagree with and still remain For if not, they weren't true friends in the first " "比如"的表达方式： For example, For instance, It can be given a concrete example, Take for an example, it is a very obvious case There is one impressive example I want to mention Let's see an It is best illustrated if given the following Let me provide an Perhaps the most important example of is As I remember,/ I now still remember I will never forget that To illustrate this, there is an example that is very An instance that accompanies this reason is An example can give the details of this argument, It is a forceful example to demonstrate the importance of History presented many examples In order to see this point clearly, let us see an 八原因结果 1…(结果)…, owing to (原因) [owing to 为分词结构] 2…(结果)…, attributable to（原因） [attributable to为形容词短语] 3…(结果) lie in the fact that（原因） [ 同位语从句 ] 4…（结果）result from（原因） [句型一般] It is precisely because （原因）…that （导致结果）… [强调结构] …, as a result, …（导致结果）… [as a result做插入语] （原因）be responsible for（结果） [常见句型] （原因），which in turn（结果） They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws original businesses into a commercial 十．方式，比较 (Just) as …, so… 正如… [ 比较句型 ] Just as water is the most important of liquids, so air is the most important of in much the same way/manner that… 正如…, 和…一样 The Americans spend Christmas Day in much the same way that the Europeans 十三 强调句 only [既是强调句,又是倒装句] Only in this way can you hope to improve the present It is …that… It is because he was too careless that he failed in the nothing but 只不过；只有… If what we have been striving for is nothing but pleasure-seeking, our nation will be deprived of the right to (这里nothing but 可以去掉,不影响句意,但有了nothing but,就强调了后面的名词) 十四 假设 Supposing……, it is likely that… 假设…, 那么很可能… [假设, 虚拟语态] Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, from an 十七 否定 双重否定 not uncommon = common 平常的,普通的 not unusual = usual 平常的，通常的 not inevitable=evitable 可以避免的 (尽量把要强调的普通的形容词改成双重否定, 为文章多增加亮点) 二十一直陈观点 more than…can 简直不,无法,难以… The beauty of the city is more than I can beyond description 无法描述 The beauty of the city is beyond There is no point(use) in doing… …是没有任何意义的 The first nut for us to crack is … 我们首先要解决的问题是… short-sighted policy 眼光短浅的政策 while ……with one hand, ……with the 当(我们)一方面…, 而另一方面… While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the far from 远离,远远不,非但不 Far from taking exception(take exception:反对), no one is even mildly be bound to Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of (or) vice-versa 反之亦然 be measured in terms of … 用…来衡量 “success” is measured in terms of freedom from 11… (现象)…, upon which views vary from person to A be more essential to B 对B来说, A是尤为关键重要的 Distinguished scientific accomplishment is a matter of opportunity and of continuous and concentrated effort over long (很优美的句子,值得借鉴) from the …point of view 从…角度来看 From the health point of view 从健康的角度来看 ……must be rooted out in order to … …必须根除以… Moral corruption must be rooted out in order to preserve the integrity of the 为了使国家健康发展,必须根除腐败 …represent only the tip of the ……只是冰山一角 The most famous stars represent only the tip of the The rapid progress in science and technology has given a powerful shove-ahead to the productive forces of the world and the economic and social development of 科技的快速发展带给世界生产力和人类经济和社会的发展一个强劲的推动力(2001年****的七一讲话) …stand tall and aim far, broaden one’s vision and give full play to one’s intelligence and wisdom on the broad arena of reform, opening-up and the modernization 站的高看的远,开扩自己的视野,在改革开放和现代化建设的大舞台上充分发挥个人才智(2001年****的七一讲话) (句中很多的词组都是作文中可以运用到的,比如改革开放:reform (and) opening-up等) 19…demonstrate the value of one’s life and work hard to achieve feats that will live up to the expectations of the people and the 证实自己的人生价值,努力的工作取得成就,而不辜负人民和时代的期望 (出处同上) When asked about…, the overwhelming majority of people say that …But other people think of … as… / But I think quite (对报刊上某一问题(已有不同的人发表了不同的观点)发表自己的观点) It is generally believed/accepted/held that… 通常认为… 22 It is no denying the fact that… 无可否认… Just as the popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides” From one side,… from the other side,… 正如一个谚语所说的, “每个硬币都有两面(事物都是一分为二的)”从一方面看… 从另一方面来看… 二十四副词 admittedly 应当承认: admittedly 应当承认: discreetly 小心谨慎地: conceivably 可以想象地 surely 肯定地 eagerly 渴望地 increasingly 不断增长地 honestly: 诚实地 certainly: 当然地 参考资料：我也在找关于作文方面的，呵呵，这是我找到的，~明年我就要高考咯，你呢？ 加油啊~！
这是我最近总结的一些英语作文经典句型： 1`According to a recent survey 依照最近的一项调查 2`The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with 最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。 3`An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that 越来越多的人开始意识到 4`When it comes to 说到 5`Many experts point out that 许多专家指出 6`There is no denying the fact that 无可否认， 7`In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get 考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。 8`In the last decades, 在过去的几十年 9`In fact, we have to admit the fact that 事实上，我们必须承认 10`We should spare no effort to beautify our 我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。 11`For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons: 我同意后者，有如下理由： 12`From what has been discussed above, 通过以上讨论， 13`As for me, I`m in favor of the opinion that 就我而言，我同意 14`From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that 通过上面的讨论，我们不难得出结论： 注意：想用And时就改成Moreover， Furthermore， Besides， What`s more它们的意思是而且 however是然而 把所有的very 都换成extremely 想说我认为就用As far as I am concerned,…… 去年是要点型作文，如果我没判断失误的话今年应该是对比类或正反类，那就会用到这个：On the other hand,意思是另一方面most students are against the idea大部分学生不同意这一观点 基本就这了，上面这些话能用上一定要用，用上就是分，而且绝对不是一分两分的问题……